### 机器学习代写|深度学习project代写deep learning代考|DEEP LEARNING APPROACHES FOR THE PREDICTION oF BREAST CANCER

statistics-lab™ 为您的留学生涯保驾护航 在代写深度学习deep learning方面已经树立了自己的口碑, 保证靠谱, 高质且原创的统计Statistics代写服务。我们的专家在代写深度学习deep learning代写方面经验极为丰富，各种代写深度学习deep learning相关的作业也就用不着说。

• Statistical Inference 统计推断
• Statistical Computing 统计计算
• Advanced Probability Theory 高等概率论
• Advanced Mathematical Statistics 高等数理统计学
• (Generalized) Linear Models 广义线性模型
• Statistical Machine Learning 统计机器学习
• Longitudinal Data Analysis 纵向数据分析
• Foundations of Data Science 数据科学基础

## 机器学习代写|深度学习project代写deep learning代考|DEEP LEARNING APPROACHES FOR THE PREDICTION oF BREAST CANCER

Breast cancer is a type of cancer that develops in the cells of the breast and is a fairly prevalent disease in women. Breast cancer, like lung cancer, is a life-threatening condition for women. A promising and significant tool is automated computer technologies, particularly machine learning, to facilitate and improve medical analysis and diagnosis. Due to the great dimensionality and complexity of this data, cancer diagnosis using gene expression data remains a challenge. There is still ambiguity in the clinical diagnosis of cancer and the identification of tumor-specific markers, despite decades of study. In this study, we discuss various feature extraction techniques on different kinds of datasets. We also discuss various deep learning approaches for cancer detection and the identification of genes important for breast cancer diagnosis.

Cancer is a deadly disease. According to a survey, thousands of people die due to cancer every year. It is the largest cause of death in the world. It is basically a disease in which there is abnormal growth of body cells which spreads to different parts of the body. If this disease is detected in the initial stage, then this disease can be cured. Cancer basically develops due to cell growth. It originates in one part of the body and has the ability to penetrate various organs. Possible symptoms of cancer are lumps, prolonged cough, abnormal bleeding, exercise weight gain etc. Tumors are formed by most malignancies, but not all tumors are malignant. Tumors do not spread to all parts of the body. It is an abnormal growth of body tissue-when abnormal cells are stored somewhere in the body, a group of tissues is formed, which we call a tumor. These cells continue to grow abnormally and add more and more cells to their group, irrespective of the body’s desire. These tumor cells are solid and fluid-filled. That process takes the form of growing cancer. This is known as metastasis. Cancer metastases are the leading cause of death-Carcinoma, melanoma, leukemia sarcoma and lymphoma are the most common cancers. Carcinomas arise in the skin, lungs, breasts, pancreas and other organs and glands. Lymphomas are lymphocyte malignancies. Leukemia [6] is a type of blood cancer. Melanomas are malignancies that develop in the cells that produce skin pigment. Breast cancer mainly occurs in women, but it is not that men cannot fall prey to it.

## 机器学习代写|深度学习project代写deep learning代考|RELATED WORK

A support vector machine (SVM) with a dot-product kernel was utilised. Sahiner et al. [2] devised a method for extracting speculation and circumscribing margin features. Both features were quite accurate in describing bulk margins using BI-RADS descriptors. Weatherall et al. [4] proposed a method with a score of $0.93$. The tumour size correlation coefficient between MRI and pathologic analysis was the best. When compared to histologic measurement, the correlation coefficients for physical exam and x-ray mammography (available for 17 patients) were $0.72$ and $0.63$, respectively. The MRI accuracy was unaffected by the extent of cancer residua. To see how well different imaging modalities might reliably describe the extent of a breast cancer whose location was already established. As a result, data on 20 post-chemotherapy breast cancer patients aged 32 to 66 years old was collected retrospectively. Yeung et al. [5] proposed to determine the estimations of residual tumour via each modality; the preoperative clinical and imaging records were evaluated. These results were compared to the pathologist’s report’s histologic measurements of the live tumour. Because of the enormous number of genes, the high quantity of noise in gene expression data, and the complexity of biological networks, it is necessary to thoroughly evaluate the raw data and utilise the relevant gene subsets. Other approaches, such as principal component analysis (PCA), have been proposed for reducing the dimensionality of expression profiles in order to help group important genes in the context of expression profiles. Bengio et al. [6] proposed Auto encoders are strong and adaptable because they extract both linear and nonlinear connections from input data. As opposed to decreasing the dimension in one step, the SDAE encoder reduces the dimensionality of the gene expression data stack by stack, resulting in less information loss. Golub et al. [8] present microarray or RNA-seq data are thoroughly explored as a classification and grouping of gene expression. Using gene expression profiles and supervised learning algorithms, numerous ways for classifying cancer cells and healthy cells have been developed. In the analysis of leukaemia cancer cells, a self-organizing map (SOM). The phases depicted in Figure 1 are followed by the majority of image processing algorithms. The screen film mammographic images must be scanned before they can be processed. One of the advantages of digital mammography is that the picture can be processed immediately. The first stage in image processing is picture pre-processing. To reduce noise and improve image quality, it must be conducted on digitised pictures. The majority of digital mammogram pictures are of high quality. If the picture is an MLO view, removing the backdrop region and the pectoral muscle from the breast area is also part of the pre-processing stage. The objective of the segmentation procedure is to discover areas of suspicious interest (ROIs), including abnormalities. In the feature extraction process, the features are computed from the attributes of the region of interest. A significant difficulty in algorithm design is the feature selection step, in which the best collection of features is chosen for preventing false positives and identifying lesion types. Choosing a smaller feature subset that delivers the highest value for a classifier performance function is referred to as feature selection. Finally, the classification stage reduces false positives and categorises lesions based on predetermined criteria.

## 机器学习代写|深度学习project代写deep learning代考|FEATURE EXTRACTION TECHNIQUES

In the field of computer vision or image analysis, features play an important role in identifying useful information. The component picture is subjected to several picture pre-processing techniques, such as binarization, normalisation, thresholding, scaling, and so on, before picture feature extraction.

Feature extraction is the process of decreasing the amount of resources needed to explain a huge amount of data. One of the primary issues in completing complicated data analysis is the number of variables involved. GF (General features) and DSF (domain-specific features) are two types of features. FE approaches like statistical approaches can be used to extract some aspects that are not clearly recognised.

First order statistics (FOS), Gray Level Run Length Matrix (GLRLM), Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM), Neighbourhood Gray Tone Difference Matrix (NGTDM), and Statistical Feature Matrix are all examples of this (SFM). As illustrated in Table 2, signal processing FE approaches include law mask features, whereas transform domain approaches include Gabor wavelet, Fourier Power Spectrum (FPS) features, and discrete wavelet transform.

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