经济代写|产业经济学代写Industrial Economics代考|ECON 7001

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产业经济学是关于公司、行业和市场的研究。它研究各种规模的公司–从当地的角落商店到沃尔玛或乐购这样的跨国巨头。它还考虑了一系列的行业,如发电、汽车生产和餐馆。

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我们提供的产业经济学Industrial Economics及其相关学科的代写,服务范围广, 其中包括但不限于:

  • Statistical Inference 统计推断
  • Statistical Computing 统计计算
  • Advanced Probability Theory 高等概率论
  • Advanced Mathematical Statistics 高等数理统计学
  • (Generalized) Linear Models 广义线性模型
  • Statistical Machine Learning 统计机器学习
  • Longitudinal Data Analysis 纵向数据分析
  • Foundations of Data Science 数据科学基础
经济代写|产业经济学代写Industrial Economics代考|ECON 7001

经济代写|产业经济学代写Industrial Economics代考|THE TELOS OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIONS

In this section, we introduce a useful framework to not only understand why technological applications were successfully adopted in the first three industrial revolutions, but also understand some of the fundamental human forces driving changes now and in the future through the Fourth Industrial Revolution.

Earlier it was mentioned that industrial revolutions occur when major systematic and industry-independent breakthrough applications of innovative technology permit new manifestations of essential economic institutions or marketplaces and shift the aggregate production possibilities frontier outward while permanently raising the standard of living. Now, at the end of the day, these applications of innovative technology will only have an impact on the economy if people, whether acting individually or within legally ordained groups (such as companies, government organisations, or nongovernmental organisations), decide to adopt and use them. This adoption decision is key because it represents an allocation of limited time and limited resources (such as money) towards procurement and implementation, in preference to alternative possible allocations.

In a free marketplace, rational economic agents only allocate time and resources towards those things which they perceive as sufficiently valuable – at least as valuable as the time and resources spent in procurement and consumption in order to realise the utility of the thing. Many thousands of pages have been devoted to studying choice theory and answering the question of what constitutes “rationality.” We will not delve into this literature here beyond a few observations.

In the standard economic model, the rationality axioms are (1) completeness, where agents maintain a preference ordering across every pair of elements in their action set, and (2) transitivity, where agents have consistent preference orderings. The typical economic axioms which accompany these are (1) monotoniaty, where more of a thing is generally preferred to less of it, and (2) convexity, where variety is generally preferred to monotony. Expected utility maximisation and Bayesian

probability theory are used to extend this simplistic concept of rationality to more realistic decisions under an uncertainty of the outcomes (Simon 1955; Gomes 2011). Other extensions involving discounting and time preferences are relevant when the utility of the thing is not immediately realised or is realised over an extended period. Behavioural economic models tend to extend the idea of rationality to “the pursuit of perceived self-interest” in order to account for bounded rationality due to incomplete information or cognitive failures and the observation that agents tend to make decisions using heuristics rather than strictly optimising their payoffs (Baumeister 2001; Wilkinson and Klaes 2012, p. 8).

For this discussion, however, we are less interested in the mechanics of rationality and more interested in the derivation of value. We are less interested in choice theory and more interested in the underlying causes of preferences. Instead of asking “What do people prefer?” we must ask “What do people want?” and “What motivates people to act and pursue something?” This will help us to identify the general direction in which trends will move in the economy.

经济代写|产业经济学代写Industrial Economics代考|Means, ends, and value

A helpful, if not Aristotelian, approach to think about this question is in terms of means and ends. Most people, whether they consciously think about it or not, have some list of objectives, either tacit or explicit, which they are striving towards, either in the short-term, medium-term, or long-term. Several prominent recent authors, including Sen (1990), have raised similar points. Sen opined, “Rationality may be seen as demanding something other than just consistency of choices between different subset. It must, at least, demand cogent relations between aims and objectives actually entertained by the person and the choices that the person makes.”

Now, most people desire to attain some sufficient measure of satisfaction or happiness, and the attainment of such may be considered the ultimate end or final end towards which people are striving. Indeed, in his Nichomachean Ethics, Aristotle argues that
if there is only one final end, this will be the good of which we are in search; and if there are more than one, it will be the most final of these. Now we call an object pursued for its own sake more final than one pursued because of something else, and one which is never choosable because of another more final than those which are choosable because of it as well as for their own sakes; and that which is always choosable for its own sake and never because of something else we call final without any qualification. Well, happiness more than anything else is thought to be just such an end, because we always choose it for itself, and never for any other reason. It is different with honour, pleasure, intelligence and good qualities generally. We do choose them partly for themselves… but we choose them also for the sake of our happiness, in the belief that they will be instrumental in promoting it.
$$
\text { (Aristotle, 1097a, p. } 30,1097 b, p .5)
$$With reference to this line of reasoning, we shall refer to those ends which are distinct from but tend to support the attainment of human satisfaction and happiness as instrumental ends or penultimate ends. These penultimate ends are those meaningful things in life which people generally consider to be desirable ends in themselves, but which also represent a means to obtain the ultimate end. One’s ultimate end cannot be determined using economics. It does not matter for the purpose of this analysis what a person’s ultimate end is, but only that nearly everyone is in agreement on the things which will make it easier for you to attain it.

经济代写|产业经济学代写Industrial Economics代考|Transcendental value

The higher-order, or transcendental, penultimate end in our model is self-realization. Self-realization represents the state of being in which you no longer need to be substantially concerned with allocating significant amounts of time to the first six penultimate ends beyond that required to protect and sustain them, giving you

the ultimate freedom to pour time and resources into pursuing the higher objectives that you have set for your life, which you ultimately find most fulfilling. To illustrate, some people might suggest that self-realization can be most fully pursued when a person is financially free, possesses a loving and supportive family who loves them in return, has decent health, lives in a free society, is respected by the community, has plans for future contingencies, and has good relationships with other people who can help them achieve their objectives.

The exact nature of these objectives may differ from individual to individual, but could be determined by honestly answering the following question: “If you had everything you ever needed and sufficient means to achieve any goal you set out to work towards, what things would you work towards and how would you subsequently spend your time?” Self-realization cuts right to the question of “What do you really live for?” For some, this might be the cultivation of virtue, learning, or philanthropy, or an elevation of the mind and spirit, or the fulfilment of potential; for others, this might represent having enough time to enjoy the simple and good things in life simply because they are good. An individual’s objectives with regard to self-realization will tend to be heavily reliant upon their moral philosophy, ethics, religion, and broader worldview.

经济代写|产业经济学代写Industrial Economics代考|ECON 7001

产业经济学代考

经济代写|产业经济学代写Industrial Economics代考|THE TELOS OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIONS

在本节中,我们将介绍一个有用的框架,不仅可以了解为什么技术应用在前三次工业革命中被成功采用,而且还可以了解通过第四次工业革命推动现在和未来发生变化的一些基本人类力量。

前面提到,当创新技术的重大系统性和独立于行业的突破性应用允许基本经济制度或市场出现新的表现,并将总生产可能性边界向外转移,同时永久提高生活水平时,工业革命就会发生。现在,归根结底,这些创新技术的应用只会对经济产生影响,前提是人们无论是单独行动还是在法律规定的团体(如公司、政府组织或非政府组织)内行动,决定采用并使用它们。这一采用决定是关键,因为它代表了对采购和实施的有限时间和有限资源(如金钱)的分配,而不是替代可能的分配。

在自由市场中,理性的经济主体只会将时间和资源分配给他们认为足够有价值的东西——至少与花费在采购和消费上的时间和资源一样有价值,以实现物品的效用。数千页用于研究选择理论和回答什么是“理性”的问题。除了一些观察之外,我们不会在这里深入研究这些文献。

在标准经济模型中,合理性公理是(1)完整性,即代理人在其行动集中的每对元素之间保持偏好顺序,以及(2)传递性,代理人具有一致的偏好顺序。伴随这些的典型经济公理是(1)单调性,其中更多的事物通常比更少的事物更受欢迎,以及(2)凸性,其中多样性通常比单调更受欢迎。期望效用最大化和贝叶斯

概率论被用来将这种简单的理性概念扩展到在结果不确定的情况下更现实的决策(Simon 1955;Gomes 2011)。当事物的效用没有立即实现或在很长一段时间内实现时,涉及折扣和时间偏好的其他扩展是相关的。行为经济学模型倾向于将理性的概念扩展到“追求感知到的自身利益”,以解释由于信息不完整或认知失败导致的有限理性,以及观察到代理人倾向于使用启发式而不是严格优化他们的决策。收益(Baumeister 2001;Wilkinson 和 Klaes 2012,第 8 页)。

然而,对于本次讨论,我们对理性的机制不太感兴趣,而对价值的推导更感兴趣。我们对选择理论不太感兴趣,而对偏好的根本原因更感兴趣。而不是问“人们喜欢什么?” 我们必须问“人们想要什么?” 和“是什么促使人们采取行动和追求某事?” 这将帮助我们确定经济趋势的总体方向。

经济代写|产业经济学代写Industrial Economics代考|Means, ends, and value

一个有用的,如果不是亚里士多德式的,思考这个问题的方法是从手段和目的的角度。大多数人,无论他们是否有意识地考虑,都有一些目标清单,无论是默认的还是明确的,他们正在努力实现这些目标,无论是短期的、中期的还是长期的。最近的几位著名作者,包括 Sen (1990),也提出了类似的观点。森认为,“理性可能被视为要求其他东西,而不仅仅是不同子集之间选择的一致性。至少,它必须要求在个人实际接受的目标和目标与个人做出的选择之间建立有说服力的关系。”

现在,大多数人都渴望获得某种足够的满足感或幸福感,而这种获得感可以被认为是人们努力追求的最终目的或最终目的。事实上,亚里士多德在他的《尼科马奇伦理学》中认为
如果只有一个最终目的,这将是我们正在寻求的好处;如果有多个,它将​​是其中最最终的。现在,我们称一个为自身而被追求的对象比为其他事物而被追求的对象更最终,一个永远不会因为另一个而被选择的对象比那些因为它以及为自己的缘故而被选择的对象更最终;并且总是可以选择的东西是为了它自己,而不是因为我们称之为最终的东西而没有任何限制。好吧,幸福最重要的是被认为是这样一个目的,因为我们总是为自己选择它,而不是出于任何其他原因。一般而言,荣誉、快乐、智慧和良好品质是不同的。我们确实选择它们部分是为了自己……但我们选择它们也是为了我们的幸福,

 (亚里士多德,1097a,p。 30,1097b,p.5)关于这条推理路线,我们将把那些不同于但倾向于支持获得人类满足和幸福的目标称为工具性目标或倒数第二个目标。这些倒数第二个目的是生活中那些有意义的事情,人们通常认为它们本身就是可取的目的,但它们也代表了获得最终目的的一种手段。一个人的最终目的不能用经济学来确定。对于这个分析的目的来说,一个人的最终目的是什么并不重要,只要几乎每个人都同意会让你更容易实现它的事情。

经济代写|产业经济学代写Industrial Economics代考|Transcendental value

在我们的模型中,高阶或先验的倒数第二个目的是自我实现。自我实现代表了一种存在状态,在这种状态下,你不再需要为前六个倒数第二个目的分配大量时间,超出保护和维持它们所需的时间,给你

投入时间和资源来追求你为生活设定的更高目标的终极自由,你最终会发现这些目标最有成就感。举例来说,有些人可能会建议,当一个人在经济上自由,拥有一个充满爱和支持的家庭,并以爱他们作为回报,身体健康,生活在一个自由的社会中,受到社区的尊重时,才能最充分地追求自我实现,对未来的突发事件有计划,并与其他可以帮助他们实现目标的人保持良好的关系。

这些目标的确切性质可能因人而异,但可以通过诚实地回答以下问题来确定:“如果你拥有你所需要的一切,并且有足够的手段来实现你设定的任何目标,你会做什么?朝着这个方向努力,然后你会如何度过你的时间?” 自我实现切入了“你真正为什么而活?”的问题。对一些人来说,这可能是修德、学识或慈善事业,或者是思想和精神的提升,或者是潜能的发挥;对于另一些人来说,这可能意味着有足够的时间享受生活中简单而美好的事物,仅仅因为它们是好的。个人关于自我实现的目标往往在很大程度上依赖于他们的道德哲学、伦理、宗教和更广泛的世界观。

经济代写|产业经济学代写Industrial Economics代考 请认准statistics-lab™

统计代写请认准statistics-lab™. statistics-lab™为您的留学生涯保驾护航。

金融工程代写

金融工程是使用数学技术来解决金融问题。金融工程使用计算机科学、统计学、经济学和应用数学领域的工具和知识来解决当前的金融问题,以及设计新的和创新的金融产品。

非参数统计代写

非参数统计指的是一种统计方法,其中不假设数据来自于由少数参数决定的规定模型;这种模型的例子包括正态分布模型和线性回归模型。

广义线性模型代考

广义线性模型(GLM)归属统计学领域,是一种应用灵活的线性回归模型。该模型允许因变量的偏差分布有除了正态分布之外的其它分布。

术语 广义线性模型(GLM)通常是指给定连续和/或分类预测因素的连续响应变量的常规线性回归模型。它包括多元线性回归,以及方差分析和方差分析(仅含固定效应)。

有限元方法代写

有限元方法(FEM)是一种流行的方法,用于数值解决工程和数学建模中出现的微分方程。典型的问题领域包括结构分析、传热、流体流动、质量运输和电磁势等传统领域。

有限元是一种通用的数值方法,用于解决两个或三个空间变量的偏微分方程(即一些边界值问题)。为了解决一个问题,有限元将一个大系统细分为更小、更简单的部分,称为有限元。这是通过在空间维度上的特定空间离散化来实现的,它是通过构建对象的网格来实现的:用于求解的数值域,它有有限数量的点。边界值问题的有限元方法表述最终导致一个代数方程组。该方法在域上对未知函数进行逼近。[1] 然后将模拟这些有限元的简单方程组合成一个更大的方程系统,以模拟整个问题。然后,有限元通过变化微积分使相关的误差函数最小化来逼近一个解决方案。

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随机分析代写


随机微积分是数学的一个分支,对随机过程进行操作。它允许为随机过程的积分定义一个关于随机过程的一致的积分理论。这个领域是由日本数学家伊藤清在第二次世界大战期间创建并开始的。

时间序列分析代写

随机过程,是依赖于参数的一组随机变量的全体,参数通常是时间。 随机变量是随机现象的数量表现,其时间序列是一组按照时间发生先后顺序进行排列的数据点序列。通常一组时间序列的时间间隔为一恒定值(如1秒,5分钟,12小时,7天,1年),因此时间序列可以作为离散时间数据进行分析处理。研究时间序列数据的意义在于现实中,往往需要研究某个事物其随时间发展变化的规律。这就需要通过研究该事物过去发展的历史记录,以得到其自身发展的规律。

回归分析代写

多元回归分析渐进(Multiple Regression Analysis Asymptotics)属于计量经济学领域,主要是一种数学上的统计分析方法,可以分析复杂情况下各影响因素的数学关系,在自然科学、社会和经济学等多个领域内应用广泛。

MATLAB代写

MATLAB 是一种用于技术计算的高性能语言。它将计算、可视化和编程集成在一个易于使用的环境中,其中问题和解决方案以熟悉的数学符号表示。典型用途包括:数学和计算算法开发建模、仿真和原型制作数据分析、探索和可视化科学和工程图形应用程序开发,包括图形用户界面构建MATLAB 是一个交互式系统,其基本数据元素是一个不需要维度的数组。这使您可以解决许多技术计算问题,尤其是那些具有矩阵和向量公式的问题,而只需用 C 或 Fortran 等标量非交互式语言编写程序所需的时间的一小部分。MATLAB 名称代表矩阵实验室。MATLAB 最初的编写目的是提供对由 LINPACK 和 EISPACK 项目开发的矩阵软件的轻松访问,这两个项目共同代表了矩阵计算软件的最新技术。MATLAB 经过多年的发展,得到了许多用户的投入。在大学环境中,它是数学、工程和科学入门和高级课程的标准教学工具。在工业领域,MATLAB 是高效研究、开发和分析的首选工具。MATLAB 具有一系列称为工具箱的特定于应用程序的解决方案。对于大多数 MATLAB 用户来说非常重要,工具箱允许您学习应用专业技术。工具箱是 MATLAB 函数(M 文件)的综合集合,可扩展 MATLAB 环境以解决特定类别的问题。可用工具箱的领域包括信号处理、控制系统、神经网络、模糊逻辑、小波、仿真等。

R语言代写问卷设计与分析代写
PYTHON代写回归分析与线性模型代写
MATLAB代写方差分析与试验设计代写
STATA代写机器学习/统计学习代写
SPSS代写计量经济学代写
EVIEWS代写时间序列分析代写
EXCEL代写深度学习代写
SQL代写各种数据建模与可视化代写

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