统计代写|SPSS代写代考|Benefits and compensation

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SPSS主要用于数据管理、高级分析、多变量分析、商业智能。

statistics-lab™ 为您的留学生涯保驾护航 在代写SPSS方面已经树立了自己的口碑, 保证靠谱, 高质且原创的统计Statistics代写服务。我们的专家在代写SPSS方面经验极为丰富,各种代写SPSS相关的作业也就用不着说。

我们提供的SPSS及其相关学科的代写,服务范围广, 其中包括但不限于:

  • Statistical Inference 统计推断
  • Statistical Computing 统计计算
  • Advanced Probability Theory 高等楖率论
  • Advanced Mathematical Statistics 高等数理统计学
  • (Generalized) Linear Models 广义线性模型
  • Statistical Machine Learning 统计机器学习
  • Longitudinal Data Analysis 纵向数据分析
  • Foundations of Data Science 数据科学基础
Scientific Review and IRB Submissions - National University of Natural  Medicine
统计代写|SPSS代写代考|Benefits and compensation

统计代写|SPSS代写代考|Benefits and compensation

Benefits and compensation are two very different things. Benefits are things participants gain by being in the study. In the above example about medical treatment, the benefit might be a reduction of symptoms or being cured of a condition. In educational research, benefits might be things like improved curricula or an increased sense of community. Benefits must be real and likely to occur for individual participants. Some studies have no known direct benefits for participants. The outcome of the study might be unlikely to benefit participants directly, but will advance the state of knowledge on some topic. Such studies are still acceptable under the principle of beneficence so long as the study presents no more than minimal risk.

Another element of many studies is compensation. There is no requirement in any regulations that a study offer compensation, but it is often included to improve recruitment efforts or to engage in reciprocity with participants. Compensation often takes the form of monetary payments (e.g., $\$ 5$ for taking a survey, or entry into a drawing for a $\$ 100$ gift card for participating in a study). Compensation can also involve an exchange of goods or services (e.g., entry into a drawing for a video game system, or a pass for free gym access). In some cases, compensation might also take the form of academic credit, such as gaining extra credit in a course for research participation. Course credit is often trickier because compensation must be equal for all participants, and courses often have very different grading systems. Moreover, typically, any offer of course credit must be matched with an alternative way to earn that course credit to avoid coercion. We will discuss compensation more in the coming chapters as it relates to sampling strategies, but compensation (or incentives) is allowed, so long as the amount is in line with the requirements of the study.

统计代写|SPSS代写代考|Confidentiality and anonymity

In the vast majority of cases, data gathered from human participants must be treated with strict confidentiality. That means that researchers take reasonable steps to secure the data, like storing the data in a secure location, storing them on an encrypted drive, transmitting them via a secure means. It also means that researchers take special care to protect identifiable information like names, ID numbers, ZIP or postal codes, IP addresses, and other potentially identifiable information. In some uncommon cases, researchers might not be able to guarantee confidentiality, perhaps because of the nature of the methods (for example, group interviews, where researchers cannot guarantee that all participants in the room will maintain confidentiality), the nature of the participants (like interviews with school superintendents where it might be difficult to mask their identities adequately), or other factors. In those cases, participants should be informed of the risk of a loss of confidentiality, and benefits should outweigh that risk. However, in any case where it is possible to do so, researchers must maintain the confidentiality of their data.

An additional layer of protection for participants’ identities is anonymity. Anonymity means that even the researcher does not know the identity of the participants. It would be impossible for the researcher or anyone else to determine who had participated in the study. This means the researcher has collected no potentially identifying information. Anonymity is often possible in survey-based research, where participants’ entire participation might occur online via an anonymous link. In other kinds of research, anonymity might not be possible. In online research, one important setting to check is whether your survey software collects IP addresses by default, as those data are personally identifiable. Most survey systems allow researchers to disable IP address tracking so that data can be treated as anonymous. Anonymity lowers the risk to participants because even if the data were to be breached or accidentally exposed, the identity of participants would still not be known.

统计代写|SPSS代写代考|Institutional Review Board processes

In the United States, research is reviewed by a group known as the Institutional Review Board (IRB). IRBs are typically located within an institution, like a university, though sometimes an institution might rely on an external IRB. IRBs are usually comprised mostly of researchers, though regulations do require a community member representative and other non-researcher representatives for certain kinds of study proposals. IRBs are diverse and differ somewhat from institution to institution. Their specific procedures will also vary, though all will comply with the Common Federal Rule. Because of this

variation, researchers should always consult their local IRB information before proposing and conducting a study. In general, though, most IRBs follow a similar process.
First, researchers must design a study and describe that study design in detail. Most IRBs provide a form or questionnaire to guide researchers in describing their study. Typically, those forms ask for details about the study purpose, design, and who will be conducting the research. They will also ask about risks and benefits, as well as compensation. IRBs typically require researchers to attach copies of recruitment materials, consent documents, and study materials to the IRB so that reviewers can evaluate the appropriateness of those documents. IRB review falls into one of three categories: exempt, expedited, and full board. There is much variation in how different IRBs handle those categories, but typically exempt proposals are reviewed most quickly. Exemptions can fall in one of several categories, but are usually no more than minimal risk and involve anonymous data collection. Expedited applications are often reviewed more slowly than exempt because they require a higher-level review than exempt applications. There are multiple categories of expedited review in the Common Federal Rule as well, but often school-based research can qualify as expedited, depending on the specifics of the study. Finally, full-board reviews will be reviewed by an entire IRB membership at their regular meetings. Most IRBs meet once per month and will usually require several weeks of notice to review a proposal. As a result, the full-board review can take several months. Regardless of the level of review, it is very common for the IRB to request revisions to the initial proposal to ensure full compliance with all regulations. When planning a study, it is a good idea to plan in time for the initial review and one or two rounds of revision, at a minimum.

We have avoided being overly specific about the IRB process because of how much it varies across institutions. However, when planning a study, talk with people at your institution about the IRB process. Read your local IRB website or other documentation, and always use their forms and guidance in designing a study. Once your IRB approves the study, recruiting can begin. Researchers must follow the procedures they outlined in their IRB application exactly. Any deviations from the approved procedures can result in sanctions from the IRB, which can be quite serious. However, in the event a change to the procedures is necessary, IRBs also have a process for requesting a modification to the originally approved procedures. In most institutions, modifications are reviewed quite quickly.

统计代写|SPSS代写代考|Benefits and compensation

SPSS代写

统计代写|SPSS代写代考|Benefits and compensation

福利和补偿是两个截然不同的东西。好处是参与者在研究中获得的东西。在上面关于医疗的例子中,好处可能是减轻症状或治愈疾病。在教育研究中,好处可能是改进课程或增强社区意识。利益必须是真实的,并且可能会发生在个人参与者身上。一些研究对参与者没有已知的直接好处。研究结果可能不太可能直接使参与者受益,但会提高对某些主题的认识。此类研究在有益原则下仍然是可以接受的,只要该研究的风险不超过最低限度。

许多研究的另一个要素是补偿。任何法规都没有要求研究提供补偿,但通常包括它以改善招募工作或与参与者进行互惠。补偿通常采取货币支付的形式(例如,$5进行调查或进入绘图$100参加研究的礼品卡)。补偿还可以涉及商品或服务的交换(例如,进入视频游戏系统的绘图,或免费使用健身房的通行证)。在某些情况下,补偿也可能采取学分的形式,例如在参加研究的课程中获得额外的学分。课程学分通常比较棘手,因为所有参与者的报酬必须是平等的,而且课程通常有非常不同的评分系统。此外,通常,任何课程学分的提供都必须与获得该课程学分的替代方式相匹配,以避免胁迫。我们将在接下来的章节中更多地讨论与抽样策略相关的补偿,但允许补偿(或激励),只要金额符合研究要求。

统计代写|SPSS代写代考|Confidentiality and anonymity

在绝大多数情况下,从人类参与者那里收集的数据必须严格保密。这意味着研究人员会采取合理的措施来保护数据,例如将数据存储在安全位置、将它们存储在加密驱动器上、通过安全方式传输它们。这也意味着研究人员要特别注意保护可识别信息,例如姓名、身份证号码、邮政编码或邮政编码、IP 地址以及其他潜在的可识别信息。在一些不常见的情况下,研究人员可能无法保证机密性,这可能是由于方法的性质(例如,小组访谈,研究人员不能保证房间里的所有参与者都会保密),参与者的性质(例如与可能难以充分掩盖其身份的学校主管的面谈)或其他因素。在这些情况下,应告知参与者失去机密性的风险,并且收益应大于风险。但是,在任何可能的情况下,研究人员都必须对其数据保密。

对参与者身份的另一层保护是匿名性。匿名意味着即使是研究人员也不知道参与者的身份。研究人员或其他任何人都无法确定谁参与了这项研究。这意味着研究人员没有收集到潜在的识别信息。在基于调查的研究中,匿名通常是可能的,参与者的全部参与可能通过匿名链接在线进行。在其他类型的研究中,匿名可能是不可能的。在在线研究中,要检查的一项重要设置是您的调查软件是否默认收集 IP 地址,因为这些数据是个人可识别的。大多数调查系统允许研究人员禁用 IP 地址跟踪,以便将数据视为匿名数据。

统计代写|SPSS代写代考|Institutional Review Board processes

在美国,研究由一个称为机构审查委员会 (IRB) 的小组进行审查。IRB 通常位于机构内,例如大学,尽管有时机构可能依赖外部 IRB。IRB 通常主要由研究人员组成,尽管法规确实要求社区成员代表和其他非研究人员代表来处理某些类型的研究提案。IRB 是多种多样的,并且因机构而异。他们的具体程序也会有所不同,但都将遵守共同联邦规则。因为这

变异,研究人员在提出和进行研究之前应始终咨询当地的 IRB 信息。但总的来说,大多数 IRB 遵循类似的过程。
首先,研究人员必须设计一项研究并详细描述该研究设计。大多数 IRB 提供表格或问卷来指导研究人员描述他们的研究。通常,这些表格会询问有关研究目的、设计以及谁将进行研究的详细信息。他们还将询问风险和收益以及补偿。IRB 通常要求研究人员将招聘材料、同意文件和研究材料的副本附在 IRB 上,以便审查人员可以评估这些文件的适当性。IRB 审查分为以下三类之一:豁免、加急和全板。不同的 IRB 处理这些类别的方式存在很大差异,但通常豁免提案的审查速度最快。豁免可以属于以下几类之一,但通常风险不超过最低限度,并且涉及匿名数据收集。加急申请的审查通常比豁免申请慢,因为它们需要比豁免申请更高级别的审查。《共同联邦规则》中也有多种类型的加速审查,但根据研究的具体情况,基于学校的研究通常可以被视为加速审查。最后,全体 IRB 成员将在他们的例会上进行全面审查。大多数 IRB 每月开会一次,通常需要几周的通知来审查提案。因此,全面审查可能需要几个月的时间。无论审查级别如何,IRB 要求对初始提案进行修改以确保完全符合所有法规是很常见的。在计划学习时,

我们避免对 IRB 流程过于具体,因为它因机构而异。但是,在计划研究时,请与您所在机构的人员讨论 IRB 流程。阅读您当地的 IRB 网站或其他文档,并在设计研究时始终使用他们的表格和指导。一旦您的 IRB 批准该研究,就可以开始招聘。研究人员必须严格遵循他们在 IRB 申请中列出的程序。任何与批准程序的偏差都可能导致 IRB 的制裁,这可能非常严重。但是,如果需要对程序进行更改,IRB 也有请求对最初批准的程序进行修改的流程。在大多数机构中,修改的审核速度非常快。

统计代写|SPSS代写代考 请认准statistics-lab™

统计代写请认准statistics-lab™. statistics-lab™为您的留学生涯保驾护航。统计代写|python代写代考

随机过程代考

在概率论概念中,随机过程随机变量的集合。 若一随机系统的样本点是随机函数,则称此函数为样本函数,这一随机系统全部样本函数的集合是一个随机过程。 实际应用中,样本函数的一般定义在时间域或者空间域。 随机过程的实例如股票和汇率的波动、语音信号、视频信号、体温的变化,随机运动如布朗运动、随机徘徊等等。

贝叶斯方法代考

贝叶斯统计概念及数据分析表示使用概率陈述回答有关未知参数的研究问题以及统计范式。后验分布包括关于参数的先验分布,和基于观测数据提供关于参数的信息似然模型。根据选择的先验分布和似然模型,后验分布可以解析或近似,例如,马尔科夫链蒙特卡罗 (MCMC) 方法之一。贝叶斯统计概念及数据分析使用后验分布来形成模型参数的各种摘要,包括点估计,如后验平均值、中位数、百分位数和称为可信区间的区间估计。此外,所有关于模型参数的统计检验都可以表示为基于估计后验分布的概率报表。

广义线性模型代考

广义线性模型(GLM)归属统计学领域,是一种应用灵活的线性回归模型。该模型允许因变量的偏差分布有除了正态分布之外的其它分布。

statistics-lab作为专业的留学生服务机构,多年来已为美国、英国、加拿大、澳洲等留学热门地的学生提供专业的学术服务,包括但不限于Essay代写,Assignment代写,Dissertation代写,Report代写,小组作业代写,Proposal代写,Paper代写,Presentation代写,计算机作业代写,论文修改和润色,网课代做,exam代考等等。写作范围涵盖高中,本科,研究生等海外留学全阶段,辐射金融,经济学,会计学,审计学,管理学等全球99%专业科目。写作团队既有专业英语母语作者,也有海外名校硕博留学生,每位写作老师都拥有过硬的语言能力,专业的学科背景和学术写作经验。我们承诺100%原创,100%专业,100%准时,100%满意。

机器学习代写

随着AI的大潮到来,Machine Learning逐渐成为一个新的学习热点。同时与传统CS相比,Machine Learning在其他领域也有着广泛的应用,因此这门学科成为不仅折磨CS专业同学的“小恶魔”,也是折磨生物、化学、统计等其他学科留学生的“大魔王”。学习Machine learning的一大绊脚石在于使用语言众多,跨学科范围广,所以学习起来尤其困难。但是不管你在学习Machine Learning时遇到任何难题,StudyGate专业导师团队都能为你轻松解决。

多元统计分析代考


基础数据: $N$ 个样本, $P$ 个变量数的单样本,组成的横列的数据表
变量定性: 分类和顺序;变量定量:数值
数学公式的角度分为: 因变量与自变量

时间序列分析代写

随机过程,是依赖于参数的一组随机变量的全体,参数通常是时间。 随机变量是随机现象的数量表现,其时间序列是一组按照时间发生先后顺序进行排列的数据点序列。通常一组时间序列的时间间隔为一恒定值(如1秒,5分钟,12小时,7天,1年),因此时间序列可以作为离散时间数据进行分析处理。研究时间序列数据的意义在于现实中,往往需要研究某个事物其随时间发展变化的规律。这就需要通过研究该事物过去发展的历史记录,以得到其自身发展的规律。

回归分析代写

多元回归分析渐进(Multiple Regression Analysis Asymptotics)属于计量经济学领域,主要是一种数学上的统计分析方法,可以分析复杂情况下各影响因素的数学关系,在自然科学、社会和经济学等多个领域内应用广泛。

MATLAB代写

MATLAB 是一种用于技术计算的高性能语言。它将计算、可视化和编程集成在一个易于使用的环境中,其中问题和解决方案以熟悉的数学符号表示。典型用途包括:数学和计算算法开发建模、仿真和原型制作数据分析、探索和可视化科学和工程图形应用程序开发,包括图形用户界面构建MATLAB 是一个交互式系统,其基本数据元素是一个不需要维度的数组。这使您可以解决许多技术计算问题,尤其是那些具有矩阵和向量公式的问题,而只需用 C 或 Fortran 等标量非交互式语言编写程序所需的时间的一小部分。MATLAB 名称代表矩阵实验室。MATLAB 最初的编写目的是提供对由 LINPACK 和 EISPACK 项目开发的矩阵软件的轻松访问,这两个项目共同代表了矩阵计算软件的最新技术。MATLAB 经过多年的发展,得到了许多用户的投入。在大学环境中,它是数学、工程和科学入门和高级课程的标准教学工具。在工业领域,MATLAB 是高效研究、开发和分析的首选工具。MATLAB 具有一系列称为工具箱的特定于应用程序的解决方案。对于大多数 MATLAB 用户来说非常重要,工具箱允许您学习应用专业技术。工具箱是 MATLAB 函数(M 文件)的综合集合,可扩展 MATLAB 环境以解决特定类别的问题。可用工具箱的领域包括信号处理、控制系统、神经网络、模糊逻辑、小波、仿真等。

R语言代写问卷设计与分析代写
PYTHON代写回归分析与线性模型代写
MATLAB代写方差分析与试验设计代写
STATA代写机器学习/统计学习代写
SPSS代写计量经济学代写
EVIEWS代写时间序列分析代写
EXCEL代写深度学习代写
SQL代写各种数据建模与可视化代写

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