### 金融代写|金融数学代写Financial Mathematics代考|ACTL20001

statistics-lab™ 为您的留学生涯保驾护航 在代写金融数学Financial Mathematics方面已经树立了自己的口碑, 保证靠谱, 高质且原创的统计Statistics代写服务。我们的专家在代写金融数学Financial Mathematics代写方面经验极为丰富，各种代写金融数学Financial Mathematics相关的作业也就用不着说。

• Statistical Inference 统计推断
• Statistical Computing 统计计算
• (Generalized) Linear Models 广义线性模型
• Statistical Machine Learning 统计机器学习
• Longitudinal Data Analysis 纵向数据分析
• Foundations of Data Science 数据科学基础

## 金融代写|金融数学代写Financial Mathematics代考|The Roles of Financial Mathematics and Financial Derivatives

Financial mathematics has provided powerful tools for the development, understanding, and use of the wide spectrum of innovative financial products that have exploded in availability since the 1970 s. These financial products have tremendously expanded our abilities to exchange, manage, control, and understand economic risk. Economic risk is intangible and tends to be difficult to understand. Yet it is clear that those economies that develop the greatest skills and tools for dealing with economic risk are best able to harness the incredible power of economic trade and growth to meet the needs and wants of a large society. Financial mathematics lies at the heart of that past success and our ability to create future opportunities.
For example, a large operating firm such as an airline company faces a number of huge economic uncertainties regarding their revenues and expenses. What effects will fuel costs, labor costs, and financing costs have on their profitability and, ultimately, the firm’s ability to continue to provide transportation services? What factors will determine the revenues for forthcoming quarters and years? Will exchange rates and airplane prices change in directions that will prevent the airline company from purchasing new equipment to replace aging aircraft or to open new routes?

Financial derivatives can help the airline company control for risks external to the firm such as changing energy costs, interest rates, and exchange rates. By offsetting or hedging the effects of these otherwise uncontrollable external variables, the company can focus their attention on dealing with those matters over which they have dircct control: operating their firm with efficiency, safety, and high-quality service.

Financial derivatives have also played roles in creating or exacerbating financial crises at the international, individual investor, and firm levels. Clearly, derivatives are powerful tools that when used improperly can be as damaging as they are beneficial when used properly.

The key to effective management of financial risk is effective valuation. In finance, valuation of assets in general and financial derivatives in particular involves valuing prospective cash flows based on the timing of those cash flows and their risk. A good definition of finance is that it is the economics of time and risk. This chapter begins with highly simplified examples that ignore the effects of the timing of cash flows and the risk of cash flows on current values. Then the analyses will be expanded to include the time value of money (using forward contracts as an example) and the potential effects of risk on asset values (using options as an example).

## 金融代写|金融数学代写Financial Mathematics代考|The Roles of Arbitragers, Hedgers, and Speculators

Hull (2015) discusses three types of traders: ${ }^{1}$ arbitragers, hedgers, and speculators. Arbitragers, hedgers, and speculators, along with investors, borrowers, and entrepreneurs, all commonly use markets for financial securities and financial derivatives. Understanding the roles of arbitragers, hedgers, and speculators is helpful in understanding why derivatives have emerged and evolved into diverse forms.

An important concept before discussing these roles is short selling. The idea that a trader can take a short position in a financial derivative was introduced. It makes sense that, as a contract between two people regarding the price of an asset one of the parties to the contract will take the long side and one will take the short side. Having the long side of the contract means that one will have the risk exposure more similar to owning the asset with the other side having an exposure similar to owing the asset. Short selling is the process of obtaining the opposite exposure of owing an asset by borrowing the asset and selling it into the market at the current market price. The short seller of an asset therefore is inversely exposed to the price changes of the underlying asset: the short seller gains if the underlying stock or other asset’s market price falls and loses market value if the asset rises in value. Eventually, the short seller purchases the asset and returns it to the entity from which it was borrowed, terminating the short sale. Ignoring dividends and the time value of money, the short seller of a stock gains $\$ X$if the stock declines$\$X$ over the life of the short sale and loses $\$ X$if the stock rises by$\$X$.

Arbitragers are traders who establish a long (or buy) position in one or more assets that they believe are relatively underpriced and one or more short (or sell) positions in assets that they believe are relatively overpriced. Arbitragers hold these positions based on their belief that the prices will revert to more proper price levels that allow the arbitrager to exit hoth positions at a net profit. When markets are poorly or inefficiently priced, arbitragers can earn riskless or virtually riskless profits. Successful arbitragers serve the market by correcting pricing errors thereby (and unintentionally) ensuring that less informed market participants are transacting at prices that are nearer to their proper or equilibrium values. The distinguishing feature of arbitragers is that their trades are designed to take very little risk and tend to be short term.

## 金融代写|金融数学代写Financial Mathematics代考|The Roles of Arbitragers, Hedgers, and Speculators

Hull (2015) 讨论了三种类型的交易者：1套利者、套期保值者和投机者。套利者、套期保值者和投机者，以及投资者、借款者和企业家，通常都使用金融证券和金融衍生品市场。了解套利者、套期保值者和投机者的角色有助于理解为什么衍生品会出现并演变成多种形式。

## 有限元方法代写

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## MATLAB代写

MATLAB 是一种用于技术计算的高性能语言。它将计算、可视化和编程集成在一个易于使用的环境中，其中问题和解决方案以熟悉的数学符号表示。典型用途包括：数学和计算算法开发建模、仿真和原型制作数据分析、探索和可视化科学和工程图形应用程序开发，包括图形用户界面构建MATLAB 是一个交互式系统，其基本数据元素是一个不需要维度的数组。这使您可以解决许多技术计算问题，尤其是那些具有矩阵和向量公式的问题，而只需用 C 或 Fortran 等标量非交互式语言编写程序所需的时间的一小部分。MATLAB 名称代表矩阵实验室。MATLAB 最初的编写目的是提供对由 LINPACK 和 EISPACK 项目开发的矩阵软件的轻松访问，这两个项目共同代表了矩阵计算软件的最新技术。MATLAB 经过多年的发展，得到了许多用户的投入。在大学环境中，它是数学、工程和科学入门和高级课程的标准教学工具。在工业领域，MATLAB 是高效研究、开发和分析的首选工具。MATLAB 具有一系列称为工具箱的特定于应用程序的解决方案。对于大多数 MATLAB 用户来说非常重要，工具箱允许您学习应用专业技术。工具箱是 MATLAB 函数（M 文件）的综合集合，可扩展 MATLAB 环境以解决特定类别的问题。可用工具箱的领域包括信号处理、控制系统、神经网络、模糊逻辑、小波、仿真等。