## 物理代写|高能物理代写High Energy Physics代考|PHYS557

statistics-lab™ 为您的留学生涯保驾护航 在代写高能物理High Energy Physics方面已经树立了自己的口碑, 保证靠谱, 高质且原创的统计Statistics代写服务。我们的专家在代写高能物理High Energy Physics代写方面经验极为丰富，各种代写高能物理High Energy Physics相关的作业也就用不着说。

• Statistical Inference 统计推断
• Statistical Computing 统计计算
• (Generalized) Linear Models 广义线性模型
• Statistical Machine Learning 统计机器学习
• Longitudinal Data Analysis 纵向数据分析
• Foundations of Data Science 数据科学基础

## 物理代写|高能物理代写High Energy Physics代考|Gravitation as a Fundamental Interaction

Many textbooks begin with a discussion of the classical gravitational force between two macroscopic masses $m_1$ and $m_2$
$$F_{\mathrm{G}}=-G_{\mathrm{N}} \frac{m_1 m_2}{r^2}$$
where $G_{\mathrm{N}}$ is Newton’s gravitational constant and $r$ the distance between the masses. With a view to formulating the description of gravitation as an elementary interaction, where the particles exchange a “graviton” (Table 1.1) and from which the law of Newtonian gravitation should result, dimensional analysis of Newton’s equation shows that $G_{\mathrm{N}}$ is not dimensionless, a fundamental requirement for the construction of an elementary theory. That is why a “gravitational fine structure constant” is commonly defined by $\alpha_{\mathrm{G}}=G_{\mathrm{N}} m_{\mathrm{p}}^2 / \hbar c$ on an energy scale equal to the mass of the proton (the quantity that appears in Table 1.1). But by the tiny numerical value of $\alpha_{\mathrm{G}} \sim 10^{-38}$, gravitation can almost always be ignored compared to the other forces of Nature, at least as long as we talk about elementary processes. The question that arises is: why is it then that gravitation dominates the structure of the observable Universe, stars, and galaxies? The simplest answer is to be found in the unique nature of the “charge” of the gravitational field, which is just mass: if macroscopic sets of particles are considered, gravitation “accumulates” until the structure itself is dominated by it, while the other forces cancel each other out as we consider more and more particles. Let us consider quantitatively $N$ particles of equal mass. The radius of a sphere formed by this set of particles depends on $N^{1 / 3}$, while the energy of the gravitational bond is proportional to $N^{2 / 3}$. To compensate for the smallness of the factor of $10^{-38}$ of the constant $\alpha_{\mathrm{G}}$, the number of particles required must be $N=10^{38 \times(3 / 2)}=10^{57}$. This is approximately the number of particles (protons) in a star like our own, with mass denoted by $M_{\odot}$, and results in the “natural” scale where gravitation becomes more important than the other forces at a macroscopic scale (in fact we know that the Sun, for example, does not have a large contribution to its binding energy from strong, weak, and electromagnetic interactions) [7].

This discussion leads to the conclusion that we can neglect gravitation in microscopic systems, unless the energy scale grows as much as to make $\alpha_{\mathrm{G}} \approx 1$. Under these conditions, microscopic gravitation would be as important as the other fundamental interactions. The mass where this equivalence occurs is
$$m_{\mathrm{Pl}}=\left(\frac{\hbar c}{G_{\mathrm{N}}}\right)^{1 / 2}$$ the so-called Planck mass, with associated energy $E_{\mathrm{Pl}}=m_{\mathrm{PI}} \times c^2=10^{19} \mathrm{GeV}$. As the most energetic phenomena in the laboratory, and even in the extreme cosmic rays of ultra-high energy discussed in Chap. 12, are still many orders of magnitude below this value, we will never have to worry about gravitation as an elementary theory, i.e., its quantum version. This is fortunate, since we do not yet have a consistent theory of quantum gravitation. Although the basic contribution should be the exchange diagram of an intermediate particle (or graviton) between any two massive particles, no quantum calculation is fully consistent. On the other hand, the classical versions of Newtonian gravitation and General Relativity have had spectacular success. Although we would like to have a quantum theory of gravitation, it has never been possible to build an acceptable version. When proceeding in the same way as in the quantization of other field theories, there is a divergence of the quantum theory of gravitation above a certain order in standard perturbation theory. Many physicists believe that there is a strong analogy here with the history of weak interactions, since Fermi’s quantized theory also leads to divergent results beyond a certain order in perturbation theory. It may be that Einstein’s theory of gravitation is not a fundamental theory, but only an “effective” theory, akin to the Fermi case. Thus, physicists still live in a dual world where they know that, on the one hand, the microscopic world is described by the laws of Quantum Mechanics, and on the other, gravitation behaves in a classical way as far as we can measure and observe, and these two descriptions are incompatible. The solution of this antagonism is what motivates the search for unified theories.

## 物理代写|高能物理代写High Energy Physics代考|Role of Weak Interactions

In the 19th century, thanks to contributions from Maxwell, Faraday, and others, Electromagnetism was established as a theoretical paradigm for the study of phenomena involving electric charges in the laboratory. The discovery of the electron by J.J. Thompson in 1897 (the quantum of electric charge par excellence) provided a way to “penetrate” the atom by throwing electrons at it, and later to discover the atomic nucleus using helium nuclei (also electrically charged) as projectiles. The observation of the behavior and composition of atomic nuclei then opened an important window in the study of elementary particles.

By the 1920s, the proton had been identified as a component of the Rutherford nucleus. A series of experiments showed that, under certain circumstances, a nucleus could change its state of charge, with the expulsion of an electron from the nucleus. Thus, there were two possibilities: either the atomic nucleus contained electrons, or they were emitted by a particle decaying into a proton and an electron. This last hypothesis received definitive confirmation when Chadwick discovered the neutron in 1931. It was found that neutrons could spontaneously convert into protons, either when free or within the nucleus, whence Nature could change the type of nucleon that constituted the nucleus under certain conditions.

It also became clear that the observed conversion was not of electromagnetic origin (although the electric charge was conserved). Physicists thus sought the origin and nature of the force responsible. In the first place, it had to be a short-range force because the reaction takes place mainly on scales of the order of the atomic nucleus. The characterization of the strength of this force also emerged from the data, and turned out to be several orders of magnitude weaker than the electromagnetic force (see Table 1.1). Thus, the discovery of weak forces associated neutron decay with a new fundamental interaction:
$$\mathrm{n} \rightarrow \mathrm{p}+\mathrm{e}^{-}+\overline{\mathrm{v}}_{\mathrm{e}}$$
where the neutron and proton were still part of the nucleus, and the electron escaped from the nuclear region. The last protagonist here, in fact an anti-neutrino, was not observed at first, but was postulated by W. Pauli to solve two serious problems with this decay: the conservation of energy and the conservation of angular momentum in the reaction. In fact, in spontaneous decay, such as was observed for neutrons within nuclei, the total angular momentum did not seem to be conserved, since the neutron spin $(1 / 2)$ was equal to half the spin of the particles observed in the reaction products, a proton of spin $1 / 2$ and an electron of spin 1/2. Moreover, the sum of the energies of the particles taking part in the reaction was not constant. Nobody liked to abandon the conservation of energy and the angular momentum in Physics, and this is what inspired Pauli’s creative solution to this problem.

## 物理代写|高能物理代写高能物理学代考|引力作为一种基本相互作用

$$F_{\mathrm{G}}=-G_{\mathrm{N}} \frac{m_1 m_2}{r^2}$$

$$m_{\mathrm{Pl}}=\left(\frac{\hbar c}{G_{\mathrm{N}}}\right)^{1 / 2}$$所谓的普朗克质量，其相关能量是$E_{\mathrm{Pl}}=m_{\mathrm{PI}} \times c^2=10^{19} \mathrm{GeV}$。由于实验室中最有能量的现象，甚至在第十二章讨论的超高能量的极端宇宙射线中，仍然比这个值低许多个数量级，我们永远不必担心万有引力作为一个基本理论，即它的量子版本。这是幸运的，因为我们还没有一个一致的量子引力理论。尽管基本贡献应该是任意两个大质量粒子之间的中间粒子(或引力子)的交换图，但没有任何量子计算是完全一致的。另一方面，牛顿万有引力和广义相对论的经典版本已经取得了巨大的成功。尽管我们希望有一个量子引力理论，但一直不可能建立一个可接受的版本。当按照其他场论的量子化方法进行时，标准摄动理论中引力的量子化理论在某一阶以上存在发散。许多物理学家认为这与弱相互作用的历史有很强的相似之处，因为费米的量子化理论也会导致超出摄动理论某一阶的发散结果。爱因斯坦的引力理论可能不是一个基本理论，而只是一个“有效”理论，类似于费米案例。因此，物理学家仍然生活在一个双重世界中，他们知道，一方面，微观世界是由量子力学定律描述的，另一方面，万有引力在我们可以测量和观察的范围内以经典的方式表现，这两种描述是不兼容的。这种对抗性的解决是对统一理论的探索的动力

## 物理代写|高能物理代写High Energy Physics代考|弱相互作用的作用

$$\mathrm{n} \rightarrow \mathrm{p}+\mathrm{e}^{-}+\overline{\mathrm{v}}_{\mathrm{e}}$$
，其中中子和质子仍然是原子核的一部分，电子从核区域逃逸。这里的最后一个主角，实际上是一个反中微子，一开始并没有被观察到，但W.泡利假设它解决了这个衰变的两个严重问题:反应中的能量守恒和角动量守恒。事实上，在自发衰变中，例如在原子核中观察到的中子，总角动量似乎并不是守恒的，因为中子自旋$(1 / 2)$等于在反应产物中观察到的粒子自旋的一半，一个自旋为$1 / 2$的质子和一个自旋为1/2的电子。此外，参与反应的粒子的能量之和不是恒定的。没有人愿意放弃物理学中的能量守恒和角动量，这就是激发泡利创造性地解决这一问题的原因

## 有限元方法代写

tatistics-lab作为专业的留学生服务机构，多年来已为美国、英国、加拿大、澳洲等留学热门地的学生提供专业的学术服务，包括但不限于Essay代写，Assignment代写，Dissertation代写，Report代写，小组作业代写，Proposal代写，Paper代写，Presentation代写，计算机作业代写，论文修改和润色，网课代做，exam代考等等。写作范围涵盖高中，本科，研究生等海外留学全阶段，辐射金融，经济学，会计学，审计学，管理学等全球99%专业科目。写作团队既有专业英语母语作者，也有海外名校硕博留学生，每位写作老师都拥有过硬的语言能力，专业的学科背景和学术写作经验。我们承诺100%原创，100%专业，100%准时，100%满意。

## MATLAB代写

MATLAB 是一种用于技术计算的高性能语言。它将计算、可视化和编程集成在一个易于使用的环境中，其中问题和解决方案以熟悉的数学符号表示。典型用途包括：数学和计算算法开发建模、仿真和原型制作数据分析、探索和可视化科学和工程图形应用程序开发，包括图形用户界面构建MATLAB 是一个交互式系统，其基本数据元素是一个不需要维度的数组。这使您可以解决许多技术计算问题，尤其是那些具有矩阵和向量公式的问题，而只需用 C 或 Fortran 等标量非交互式语言编写程序所需的时间的一小部分。MATLAB 名称代表矩阵实验室。MATLAB 最初的编写目的是提供对由 LINPACK 和 EISPACK 项目开发的矩阵软件的轻松访问，这两个项目共同代表了矩阵计算软件的最新技术。MATLAB 经过多年的发展，得到了许多用户的投入。在大学环境中，它是数学、工程和科学入门和高级课程的标准教学工具。在工业领域，MATLAB 是高效研究、开发和分析的首选工具。MATLAB 具有一系列称为工具箱的特定于应用程序的解决方案。对于大多数 MATLAB 用户来说非常重要，工具箱允许您学习应用专业技术。工具箱是 MATLAB 函数（M 文件）的综合集合，可扩展 MATLAB 环境以解决特定类别的问题。可用工具箱的领域包括信号处理、控制系统、神经网络、模糊逻辑、小波、仿真等。

## 物理代写|高能物理代写High Energy Physics代考|PHYS11042

statistics-lab™ 为您的留学生涯保驾护航 在代写高能物理High Energy Physics方面已经树立了自己的口碑, 保证靠谱, 高质且原创的统计Statistics代写服务。我们的专家在代写高能物理High Energy Physics代写方面经验极为丰富，各种代写高能物理High Energy Physics相关的作业也就用不着说。

• Statistical Inference 统计推断
• Statistical Computing 统计计算
• (Generalized) Linear Models 广义线性模型
• Statistical Machine Learning 统计机器学习
• Longitudinal Data Analysis 纵向数据分析
• Foundations of Data Science 数据科学基础

## 物理代写|高能物理代写High Energy Physics代考|Standard Model of Elementary Particles

Based on the previous ideas we can now discuss the known “zoo” of particles, which make up the so-called Standard Model of particle Physics, and classify the elementary interactions. The world of subatomic particles has expanded vertiginously since the early 20th century. In the first decades of that century, only the electron and the proton were known. The discovery of the neutron and soon after antiparticles brought considerable perplexity and great challenges for physicists studying the structure of matter. The first particle accelerators idealized and built by E. Lawrence in the United States gave a further stimulus to the Physics of elementary particles, boosting the discovery of new particles by increasing the energies involved in collisions.

In addition to modelling the dynamics of interactions between these particles, a classification scheme was also required. After several attempts of historical interest, but whose complexity would take us too far from the scope of the present book, there is a consensus today around the scheme that became known as the StandardModel. This classifies elementary particles into three groups or generations, depending on their participation in the elementary processes that have been detected, i.e., the reactions in which the particles take part. The composition of a generation is always the same: it contains two quarks (which constitute the baryons and mesons), a charged lepton (the electron, the muon, and the tau, successively), and a neutrino associated with the latter (a different neutrino for each type of lepton). The discovery and identification of these particles, and the recognition of the symmetries implemented over the generations, took several decades and was only completed with the discovery of the quark $t$ in 1995 and the Higgs boson (responsible for the observed masses) in 2012 . At the present Model data. Figure $1.5$ illustrates our current knowledge of the particle structure of the Standard Model.

## 物理代写|高能物理代写High Energy Physics代考|Strong Interactions and Quantum Chromodynamics

In the early twentieth century, the recognition of the need for a new force to hold the atomic nucleus together led to the introduction of the Yukawa potential, as already mentioned, and to the prediction of the existence of the pion, discovered soon after as a component of cosmic rays and in dedicated experiments carried out by the physicist César Lattes and collaborators at the University of São Paulo in 1947 (see his account in [6]). This exemplifies the idea that interactions are the result of the exchange of mediating particles. Later on in nuclear Physics it became clear that the pion was only one such mediating particle. The interactions between nucleons (protons and neutrons) also involve the exchange of kaons, $\rho$ mesons, and other mediators, giving rise in the static limit to the so-called Yukawa potential and corrections presented above.

For some decades this picture was satisfactory, but accelerator experiments eventually showed that protons and neutrons were far from being pointlike: incident electrons striking these nuclei scattered as if they encountered “hard” points on scales $\leq 10^{-14} \mathrm{~cm}$. Thus, Gell-Mann and Zweig were led to suggest that there are fundamental constituents of the nuclei, which they called quarks. A highly non-linear field theory called quantum chromodynamics (QCD) was soon developed, in which quarks exchange gluons, the mediating particle of strong interactions. The associated charge comes in three types and was fancifully called color (although it has nothing to do with real colors, of course). However, this theory has a characteristic that really sets it apart: despite intensive searches it has never been possible to detect an isolated quark outside a hadron (hadrons are particles participating in strong interactions, i.e.,baryons, such as the nucleons, and mesons). This gave rise to a totally new idea, that of the confinement of color, according to which the colors of the quarks always combine (just like the primary colors) to produce a “white” hadron, that is, without color. Each time a quark is ripped out of a hadron, this breaks the flow tube that connects it with another, and thus two mesons are produced (Fig. 1.6).

It is currently believed that this property of quarks (and gluons) is contained in the theoretical description, since there are numerical simulations that demonstrate confinement. But there is also another peculiarity of the theory: at very short distances, inside the hadrons, the quarks and gluons seem to be free, that is, they do not “feel” the interactions between them. In fact, we can define these short distances or long distances by using the relativistic definition of the relation between momentum and energy, i.e., $E=p c$, of the incident particle. From the uncertainty relation (1.1), we have immediately that the distances reached by the projectile particle are inversely proportional to its energy, $x \sim \hbar / E$. The “long” distances can be considered as those greater than the radius of the proton, while the small ones are much smaller than this radius. The behavior of the quarks in the first case is called infrared slavery (low incident energies) and in the second asymptotic freedom (high incident energies).
This behavior can be simulated by the phenomenological potential
$$V(r)=-\alpha_{\mathrm{S}} / r+k r .$$

## 物理代写|高能物理代写高能物理代考|强相互作用和量子色动力学

20世纪初，人们认识到需要一种新的力来将原子核聚集在一起，于是引入了前面提到的汤川电势，并预测了介子的存在。不久之后，物理学家César拿铁和São保罗大学的合作者在1947年进行的专门实验中发现了介子，介子是宇宙射线的组成部分之一(见他在[6]中的描述)。这证明了相互作用是中介粒子交换的结果。后来，在《核物理》中，人们发现介子只是一种这样的中介粒子。核子(质子和中子)之间的相互作用也涉及到介子、$\rho$介子和其他介质的交换，从而产生了上述所谓汤川势和修正的静态极限

$$V(r)=-\alpha_{\mathrm{S}} / r+k r .$$ 来模拟

## 有限元方法代写

tatistics-lab作为专业的留学生服务机构，多年来已为美国、英国、加拿大、澳洲等留学热门地的学生提供专业的学术服务，包括但不限于Essay代写，Assignment代写，Dissertation代写，Report代写，小组作业代写，Proposal代写，Paper代写，Presentation代写，计算机作业代写，论文修改和润色，网课代做，exam代考等等。写作范围涵盖高中，本科，研究生等海外留学全阶段，辐射金融，经济学，会计学，审计学，管理学等全球99%专业科目。写作团队既有专业英语母语作者，也有海外名校硕博留学生，每位写作老师都拥有过硬的语言能力，专业的学科背景和学术写作经验。我们承诺100%原创，100%专业，100%准时，100%满意。

## MATLAB代写

MATLAB 是一种用于技术计算的高性能语言。它将计算、可视化和编程集成在一个易于使用的环境中，其中问题和解决方案以熟悉的数学符号表示。典型用途包括：数学和计算算法开发建模、仿真和原型制作数据分析、探索和可视化科学和工程图形应用程序开发，包括图形用户界面构建MATLAB 是一个交互式系统，其基本数据元素是一个不需要维度的数组。这使您可以解决许多技术计算问题，尤其是那些具有矩阵和向量公式的问题，而只需用 C 或 Fortran 等标量非交互式语言编写程序所需的时间的一小部分。MATLAB 名称代表矩阵实验室。MATLAB 最初的编写目的是提供对由 LINPACK 和 EISPACK 项目开发的矩阵软件的轻松访问，这两个项目共同代表了矩阵计算软件的最新技术。MATLAB 经过多年的发展，得到了许多用户的投入。在大学环境中，它是数学、工程和科学入门和高级课程的标准教学工具。在工业领域，MATLAB 是高效研究、开发和分析的首选工具。MATLAB 具有一系列称为工具箱的特定于应用程序的解决方案。对于大多数 MATLAB 用户来说非常重要，工具箱允许您学习应用专业技术。工具箱是 MATLAB 函数（M 文件）的综合集合，可扩展 MATLAB 环境以解决特定类别的问题。可用工具箱的领域包括信号处理、控制系统、神经网络、模糊逻辑、小波、仿真等。

## 物理代写|高能物理代写High Energy Physics代考|PHYS3717

statistics-lab™ 为您的留学生涯保驾护航 在代写高能物理High Energy Physics方面已经树立了自己的口碑, 保证靠谱, 高质且原创的统计Statistics代写服务。我们的专家在代写高能物理High Energy Physics代写方面经验极为丰富，各种代写高能物理High Energy Physics相关的作业也就用不着说。

• Statistical Inference 统计推断
• Statistical Computing 统计计算
• (Generalized) Linear Models 广义线性模型
• Statistical Machine Learning 统计机器学习
• Longitudinal Data Analysis 纵向数据分析
• Foundations of Data Science 数据科学基础

## 物理代写|高能物理代写High Energy Physics代考|Elementary Particles and Fundamental Interactions

The idea that Nature is composed of discrete “packets” which combine to form the entire visible Universe originated in the classical Greek world. This idea of the elementary “granularity” of the physical world was implicit in Pythagoras’ philosophy and his school in Crotone (now in Italy and then a part of the Magna Graecia) more than five centuries before the Christian era. The Pythagoreans attributed great importance to the discovery of the existence of a simple relationship between the tones of a string (whole numbers) and similar questions, thus foreseeing that the world was discrete, and formulated the powerful notion that reality is ultimately mathematical in nature. The modern version of elementary blocks (particles) and their interactions is presented in this Chapter.

Much more forcefully (although motivated by the logical solution to the problem of the illusory movement that had posed Parmenides, and not by any experimental evidence), the atomists Leucippus and Democritus formulated a theory regarding the nature of matter, where discrete units ( $\alpha \tau о о \zeta$, atom) moved in the absence of matter (vacuum), combining to produce the entire visible Universe. Atoms would differentiate themselves by their geometry (such as the difference between the figures “A” and “N”), by their disposition or order (such as the differences between “NA” or “AN”), and by their position (such as ” $\mathrm{N}$ ” is a rotated “Z”). Different combinations and proportions would be responsible for the diversity of bodies. This strongly materialistic doctrine (for example, for the atomists even the soul was made up of atoms) has never been fully accepted in general, and Aristotle and later philosophers raised objections against the atomic idea, which was almost totally forgotten. However, for many centuries this whole discussion did not go beyond the realm of ideas, since the technological development and methodological attitude of the Greeks never made a direct inquiry to Nature, and indeed the notion of experimen-tal proof did not appear at all in the ancient world until at least the Low Middle Ages.

In spite of being far from accepted at the time of Leucippus and Democritus, versions of the atomistic world survived in Lucretius, and were quite influential in the exposition of the Epicurean version of the atomistic doctrine. His great work $D e$ Rerum Natura [1] even contains a hint of the idea of inertia applied to the motion of atoms, among other insights. However, the Aristotelian view of the world dominated the scene for almost two millennia, and little or no room was left for atomism. A first explicit break with Aristotle was due to the French clergyman Pierre Gassendi in the mid-17th century, resuming in many senses matters that had been addressed by the atomistic program [2]. Newton and others were able to formulate several ideas about the physical world that were reminiscent of the Greek Epicurean atomism.

## 物理代写|高能物理代写High Energy Physics代考|Elementary Interactions at High Energies

In Classical Physics we are not used to thinking in terms of “elementary interactions” between particles, but in terms of “forces”. In Mechanics we think about the force between macroscopic objects; for example, the force of gravity between two masses $m_1$ and $m_2$, given by $-G m_1 m_2 / r^2$. Also in Chemistry, concepts such as interatomic forces, intermolecular forces, and so on are regularly used, these being generally of electromagnetic origin. As is well known, almost all these forces are, in principle, derivable from a potential, and express the way elements of matter attract or repel each other. Such pictures have a strong classical foundation, of mechanical origin, but an important question today concerns the way we should understand interactions at the most elementary level, that is, among the elementary particles themselves, going beyond the classical concept applicable to macroscopic “chunks” of matter, which are in fact made up of an enormous number of elementary particles.

In the micro-world of elementary particles most of the notions we have of macroscopic matter fail ostensibly. It is not that there is anything wrong with Classical Physics; on the contrary, for several centuries many aspects of the physical world have been successfully explored using those ideas. But it would be wishful thinking to expect concepts developed in the classical world to apply as-is to the micro-world, without modification. In fact, this kind of extrapolation has given rise to countless problems and “paradoxes” that still plague description of the elementary world. The development of Quantum Mechanics in the 20th century exposed many of these contradictions without really solving their exact nature, since the so-called interpretation tory and is still a subject of discussion and research. This idea of “interpretation” is consensual in other cases (for example, Classical Mechanics), where the meaning of the relevant concepts and their role in the physical description is unambiguous. This is not the case with the quantum formalism. A discussion of this problem would take us too far from our objective here, and we only mention this situation in passing (see [4] for an in-depth discussion of these problems).

Although physicists do not yet have a complete clarification of the interpretation of Quantum Mechanics (QM), it is notable that each time the theory is required to provide a quantitative (probabilistic) prediction regarding an experiment, it provides values that are in good agreement with the measurements (!). One of the characteristics of QM that is surely common to any interpretation, and that constitutes a breaking point with Classical Physics, is provided by the so-called uncertainty relations. This concept is important for the rest of our discussion and will be described below.

## 有限元方法代写

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## MATLAB代写

MATLAB 是一种用于技术计算的高性能语言。它将计算、可视化和编程集成在一个易于使用的环境中，其中问题和解决方案以熟悉的数学符号表示。典型用途包括：数学和计算算法开发建模、仿真和原型制作数据分析、探索和可视化科学和工程图形应用程序开发，包括图形用户界面构建MATLAB 是一个交互式系统，其基本数据元素是一个不需要维度的数组。这使您可以解决许多技术计算问题，尤其是那些具有矩阵和向量公式的问题，而只需用 C 或 Fortran 等标量非交互式语言编写程序所需的时间的一小部分。MATLAB 名称代表矩阵实验室。MATLAB 最初的编写目的是提供对由 LINPACK 和 EISPACK 项目开发的矩阵软件的轻松访问，这两个项目共同代表了矩阵计算软件的最新技术。MATLAB 经过多年的发展，得到了许多用户的投入。在大学环境中，它是数学、工程和科学入门和高级课程的标准教学工具。在工业领域，MATLAB 是高效研究、开发和分析的首选工具。MATLAB 具有一系列称为工具箱的特定于应用程序的解决方案。对于大多数 MATLAB 用户来说非常重要，工具箱允许您学习应用专业技术。工具箱是 MATLAB 函数（M 文件）的综合集合，可扩展 MATLAB 环境以解决特定类别的问题。可用工具箱的领域包括信号处理、控制系统、神经网络、模糊逻辑、小波、仿真等。