如果你也在 怎样代写公司金融学Corporate Finance 这个学科遇到相关的难题，请随时右上角联系我们的24/7代写客服。公司金融学Corporate Finance是金融的一个领域，涉及资金来源、公司的资本结构、管理者为增加公司对股东的价值而采取的行动，以及用于分配金融资源的工具和分析。公司金融的主要目标是最大化或增加股东价值。
公司金融学Corporate Finance相应地，公司财务包括两个主要的分支学科。[引用]资本预算涉及到设定标准，以确定哪些增值项目应该获得投资资金，以及是否用股权或债务资本为该投资融资。营运资金管理是对公司货币资金的管理，涉及流动资产和流动负债的短期经营平衡；这里的重点是管理现金、存货和短期借贷（如提供给客户的信贷条件）。
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经济代写|公司金融学代写Corporate Finance代考|Peer-to-Peer Lending
As mentioned earlier, many companies now obtain funds through peer-to-peer lending. This is the generic name given to a number of online platforms which put potential lenders in touch with potential borrowers. Some platforms specialise in different areas, such as consumer lending, lending for property development secured on land, lending only by companies and high worth individuals, and so on. ${ }^{155}$ Some also facilitate the sale of receivables by companies to those willing to buy them. The account of peer-to-peer lending given here is generalised, and relates to the platforms that involve lending to corporate businesses (though they may also lend to consumers and unincorporated businesses). Peer-to-peer lending is becoming an increasingly important source of finance for SMEs, ${ }^{156}$ and is seen as a real alternative to bank finance by the Government. If an SME business is turned down by a bank for funding, the bank is required to pass on information about the applicant to financing platforms designated by the Government, if the applicant agrees. ${ }^{157}$
P2P platforms vary according to the services which they offer and, therefore, their business model. ${ }^{158}$ A ‘basic’ platform which merely puts the borrowers and lenders in touch with each other and administers the loan has been termed a ‘conduit platform. ${ }^{159}$ When a borrower applies to an online platform for a loan, the platform normally ${ }^{160}$ carries out a vetting process: this can vary from a reasonably brief check to quite extensive due diligence. Typically, there is either an auction, whereby potential lenders indicate what interest rates they would be prepared to lend at, and borrowers accept those at which they are willing to borrow (the borrower actually pays a weighted average of the different rates accepted), or a market rate is set by the platform (this additional service means that the model has been termed a ‘pricing platform’). ${ }^{161}$ A key feature is that, in either case, potential lenders can choose which companies they lend to (and, in the case of an auction, at what rates), although some sites also have a facility for allocating borrowers automatically to lenders according to an agreed risk profile in order to generate a ‘target’ rate of interest (this model has been termed a ‘discretionary platform’). ${ }^{162}$ Usually, the borrower enters into a loan agreement either with the company running the platform, acting as agent for the lenders, or with the lender direct, but through the intermediation of the platform. The loan agreement contains representations and warranties as well as covenants, ${ }^{163}$ and the platform acts as agent for the lenders in enforcing the agreement if there is an event of default, although monitoring is usually limited to checking whether repayments have been made. Some loans are unsecured, although often backed by a personal guarantee, while others are secured by real security: this varies according to the platform but also according to the needs of the borrower. ${ }^{164}$ Security is held by a company, usually related to the company running the platform, which acts as a security trustee. ${ }^{165}$ Some platforms allow lenders to withdraw their money before the end of the term of the loan by transferring the loan to another lender in a market run by the platform. ${ }^{166}$ Some also offer a contingency fund designed to protect against losses from bad debts, that is, a form of pooling of loss. While most P2P platforms offer some form of loan, some offer finance by purchasing receivables, ${ }^{167}$ and a few enable companies to offer convertible debt securities. ${ }^{168}$ Concern had been expressed regarding protection of lenders, particularly consumers, who lend using P2P platforms. Regulation has been introduced, and further regulation has been proposed. ${ }^{169}$ This is discussed in chapter thirteen.
经济代写|公司金融学代写Corporate Finance代考|General
Debt securities are tradable instruments which a company can issue in order to raise money from a variety of lenders. Such lenders will be more numerous and more varied in type than the single bank or syndicate of banks that would otherwise make a loan to the company. ${ }^{170}$ In theory, anyone can buy debt securities, although in most cases the target and actual investors are much more limited for a number of reasons. ${ }^{171}$ Debt securities are issued, usually to a limited group of investors, in what is known as the primary market. The process of issuance is described in chapter eight. ${ }^{172}$ Once issued, they can be traded in what is called the secondary market. Not all debt securities are traded: some are kept by the original owners until maturity: for example, loan notes issued as part of a private equity transaction fall within this category, ${ }^{173}$ as do notes issued in the increasingly popular private placement market. ${ }^{174}$ However, many are traded, and anything which adds to their tradability (liquidity) adds to their value. ${ }^{175}$
In this book we consider only debt securities issued by companies. However, it should be borne in mind that a vast number of debt securities are issued by governments: these are usually the most highly rated (though it does depend on the credit standing of the relevant government), ${ }^{176}$ and the pricing of debt securities issued by companies is often tied to that of government securities. ${ }^{177}$ The term ‘debt securities’ covers a number of different kinds of instruments. Companies, or banks, needing short-term finance can raise it by issuing commercial paper, a term meaning short-term securities (with a term up to 364 days) or, if the company is authorised to carry on deposit taking, certificates of deposit, which can have a term of up to five years. These are issued and traded in what are known as the money markets: this term refers to markets dealing with short-term securities with a term of one year or less. ${ }^{178}$ Longer-term debt securities, which are issued and traded on the bond or capital markets, are called bonds or notes. Originally, notes were securities with a shorter term than bonds, but the terminology has now become more interchangeable, especially in the European markets. The term ‘notes’ is generally used, however, where the interest rate is floating, and also where securities are issued as part of a programme.
公司金融学代考
经济代写|公司金融学代写Corporate Finance代考|Peer-to-Peer Lending
如前所述，许多公司现在通过点对点贷款获得资金。这是一些在线平台的通用名称，这些平台将潜在的贷款人与潜在的借款人联系起来。一些平台专注于不同领域，比如消费贷款、以土地为担保的房地产开发贷款、仅向企业和高身价个人放贷等等。${}^{155}$有些还有助于公司将应收款出售给愿意购买应收款的人。这里给出的点对点贷款是泛化的，涉及到向企业提供贷款的平台(尽管它们也可能向消费者和非法人企业提供贷款)。点对点贷款正成为中小企业日益重要的资金来源，政府认为这是银行融资的真正替代办法。如果中小企业被银行拒绝融资，如果申请人同意，银行需要将申请人的信息传递给政府指定的融资平台。$ {} ^ {157} $
P2P平台因其提供的服务而异，因此也因其商业模式而异。${}^{158}$一个仅仅使借款人和贷款人相互联系并管理贷款的“基本”平台被称为“管道平台”。${}^{159}$当借款人向在线平台申请贷款时，平台通常${}^{160}$进行审查过程:这可以从相当简短的检查到相当广泛的尽职调查。通常情况下，要么进行拍卖，潜在的贷款人表明他们准备以什么利率放贷，借款人接受他们愿意以什么利率借款(借款人实际上支付不同接受利率的加权平均值)，要么由平台设定市场利率(这种额外的服务意味着该模式被称为“定价平台”)。一个关键的特点是，在任何一种情况下，潜在的贷款人都可以选择他们贷款给哪些公司(以及，在拍卖的情况下，以什么利率)，尽管一些网站也有根据商定的风险状况自动分配借款人给贷款人的工具，以产生“目标”利率(这种模式被称为“自由裁量平台”)。${}^{162}$通常，借款人与运营平台的公司签订贷款协议，作为贷款人的代理，或者直接与贷款人签订贷款协议，但通过平台的中介。贷款协议包含陈述和保证以及契约，${}^{163}$，如果出现违约事件，平台充当贷款人执行协议的代理人，尽管监控通常仅限于检查是否已还款。一些贷款是无担保的，尽管通常有个人担保，而另一些贷款是有实际担保的:这取决于平台，也取决于借款人的需求。${}^{164}$安全性由公司持有，通常与运行平台的公司有关，该公司充当安全性受托人。${}^{165}$一些平台允许出借人在贷款期限结束前通过平台运营的市场将贷款转移给另一个出借人来提取资金。{}^{166}$有些还提供应急基金，旨在防止坏账造成的损失，即一种损失集中的形式。虽然大多数P2P平台提供某种形式的贷款，但有些平台通过购买应收账款提供融资，还有一些平台允许公司提供可转换债务证券。{}^{168}$有人对利用P2P平台放贷的出借人，特别是消费者的保护问题表示关注。监管已经出台，进一步的监管也已提出。${}^{169}$这在第十三章中讨论。
经济代写|公司金融学代写Corporate Finance代考|General
债务证券是一种可交易的工具，公司可以通过发行债券从不同的贷款人那里筹集资金。这样的贷款人将比单一银行或银团银行提供贷款给公司的数量更多，类型更多样化。${}^{170}$理论上，任何人都可以购买债务证券，尽管在大多数情况下，由于种种原因，目标投资者和实际投资者受到的限制要大得多。${}^{171}$债务证券通常在所谓的一级市场上向有限的投资者群体发行。第八章描述了发行过程。一旦发行，它们就可以在所谓的二级市场上交易。并不是所有的债务证券都可以交易:有些由原始所有者保留到到期:例如，作为私人股本交易的一部分发行的贷款票据就属于这一类，${}^{173}$以及在日益流行的私募市场发行的票据。${}^{174}$然而，许多是可以交易的，任何增加其可交易性(流动性)的东西都会增加其价值。$ {} ^ {175} $
在本书中，我们只考虑公司发行的债务证券。然而，应该记住的是，大量的债务证券是由政府发行的:这些通常是评级最高的(尽管它确实取决于相关政府的信用状况)，公司发行的债务证券的定价通常与政府证券的定价挂钩。“债务证券”一词包括许多不同种类的工具。需要短期融资的公司或银行可以通过发行商业票据来筹集资金，商业票据指的是短期证券(期限最长为364天)，或者，如果公司被授权接受存款，可以发行存单，存单的期限最长为5年。这些证券在所谓的货币市场发行和交易:货币市场指的是交易期限为一年或更短的短期证券的市场。${}^{178}$在债券或资本市场上发行和交易的长期债务证券称为债券或票据。最初，票据是期限比债券短的证券，但现在这个术语变得更加可互换，特别是在欧洲市场。然而，“票据”一词通常用于利率浮动的地方，也用于作为计划一部分发行证券的地方。
统计代写请认准statistics-lab™. statistics-lab™为您的留学生涯保驾护航。
金融工程代写
金融工程是使用数学技术来解决金融问题。金融工程使用计算机科学、统计学、经济学和应用数学领域的工具和知识来解决当前的金融问题，以及设计新的和创新的金融产品。
非参数统计代写
非参数统计指的是一种统计方法，其中不假设数据来自于由少数参数决定的规定模型；这种模型的例子包括正态分布模型和线性回归模型。
广义线性模型代考
广义线性模型（GLM）归属统计学领域，是一种应用灵活的线性回归模型。该模型允许因变量的偏差分布有除了正态分布之外的其它分布。
术语 广义线性模型（GLM）通常是指给定连续和/或分类预测因素的连续响应变量的常规线性回归模型。它包括多元线性回归，以及方差分析和方差分析（仅含固定效应）。
有限元方法代写
有限元方法（FEM）是一种流行的方法，用于数值解决工程和数学建模中出现的微分方程。典型的问题领域包括结构分析、传热、流体流动、质量运输和电磁势等传统领域。
有限元是一种通用的数值方法，用于解决两个或三个空间变量的偏微分方程（即一些边界值问题）。为了解决一个问题，有限元将一个大系统细分为更小、更简单的部分，称为有限元。这是通过在空间维度上的特定空间离散化来实现的，它是通过构建对象的网格来实现的：用于求解的数值域，它有有限数量的点。边界值问题的有限元方法表述最终导致一个代数方程组。该方法在域上对未知函数进行逼近。[1] 然后将模拟这些有限元的简单方程组合成一个更大的方程系统，以模拟整个问题。然后，有限元通过变化微积分使相关的误差函数最小化来逼近一个解决方案。
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随机分析代写
随机微积分是数学的一个分支，对随机过程进行操作。它允许为随机过程的积分定义一个关于随机过程的一致的积分理论。这个领域是由日本数学家伊藤清在第二次世界大战期间创建并开始的。
时间序列分析代写
随机过程，是依赖于参数的一组随机变量的全体，参数通常是时间。 随机变量是随机现象的数量表现，其时间序列是一组按照时间发生先后顺序进行排列的数据点序列。通常一组时间序列的时间间隔为一恒定值（如1秒，5分钟，12小时，7天，1年），因此时间序列可以作为离散时间数据进行分析处理。研究时间序列数据的意义在于现实中，往往需要研究某个事物其随时间发展变化的规律。这就需要通过研究该事物过去发展的历史记录，以得到其自身发展的规律。
回归分析代写
多元回归分析渐进（Multiple Regression Analysis Asymptotics）属于计量经济学领域，主要是一种数学上的统计分析方法，可以分析复杂情况下各影响因素的数学关系，在自然科学、社会和经济学等多个领域内应用广泛。
MATLAB代写
MATLAB 是一种用于技术计算的高性能语言。它将计算、可视化和编程集成在一个易于使用的环境中，其中问题和解决方案以熟悉的数学符号表示。典型用途包括：数学和计算算法开发建模、仿真和原型制作数据分析、探索和可视化科学和工程图形应用程序开发，包括图形用户界面构建MATLAB 是一个交互式系统，其基本数据元素是一个不需要维度的数组。这使您可以解决许多技术计算问题，尤其是那些具有矩阵和向量公式的问题，而只需用 C 或 Fortran 等标量非交互式语言编写程序所需的时间的一小部分。MATLAB 名称代表矩阵实验室。MATLAB 最初的编写目的是提供对由 LINPACK 和 EISPACK 项目开发的矩阵软件的轻松访问，这两个项目共同代表了矩阵计算软件的最新技术。MATLAB 经过多年的发展，得到了许多用户的投入。在大学环境中，它是数学、工程和科学入门和高级课程的标准教学工具。在工业领域，MATLAB 是高效研究、开发和分析的首选工具。MATLAB 具有一系列称为工具箱的特定于应用程序的解决方案。对于大多数 MATLAB 用户来说非常重要，工具箱允许您学习和应用专业技术。工具箱是 MATLAB 函数（M 文件）的综合集合，可扩展 MATLAB 环境以解决特定类别的问题。可用工具箱的领域包括信号处理、控制系统、神经网络、模糊逻辑、小波、仿真等。