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AP 统计主要是介绍收集、分析和从数据中得出结论的主要概念和工具。
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我们提供的AP统计及其相关学科的代写，服务范围广, 其中包括但不限于:
- Statistical Inference 统计推断
- Statistical Computing 统计计算
- Advanced Probability Theory 高等楖率论
- Advanced Mathematical Statistics 高等数理统计学
- (Generalized) Linear Models 广义线性模型
- Statistical Machine Learning 统计机器学习
- Longitudinal Data Analysis 纵向数据分析
- Foundations of Data Science 数据科学基础
统计代写|AP统计作业代写代考|Critical Thinking
Critical Thinking Consider these types of graphs: histogram, bar graph, Pareto chart, pie chart, stem-and-leaf display.
(a) Which are suitable for qualitative data?
(b) Which are suitable for quantitative data?
Critical Thinking A consumer interest group is tracking the percentage of household income spent on gasoline over the past 30 years. Which graphical display would be more useful, a histogram or a time-series graph? Why?
Critical Thinking Describe how data outliers might be revealed in histograms and stem-and-leaf plots.
Expand Your Knowledge How are dotplots and stem-and-leaf displays similar? How are they different?
Focus Problem: Fuel Economy Solve the focus problem at the beginning of this chapter.
Criminal Justice: Prisoners The time plot in Figure 2-18 gives the number of state and federal prisoners per 100,000 population (Source: Statistical Abstract of the United States, 120 th edition).
(a) Estimate the number of prisoners per 100,000 people for 1980 and for $1997 .$
(b) Interpretation During the time period shown, there was increased prosecution of drug offenses, longer sentences for common crimes, and reduced access to parole. What does the time-series graph say about the prison population change per 100,000 people?
(c) In 1997, the U.S. population was approximately $266,574,000$ people. At the rate of 444 prisoners per 100,000 population, about how many prisoners were in the system? The projected U.S. population for the year 2020 is $323,724,000$. If the rate of prisoners per 100,000 stays the same as in 1997 , about how many prisoners do you expect will be in the system in 2020 ? To obtain the most recent information, visit the Census Bureau web site.
统计代写|AP统计作业代写代考|IRS: Tax Returns
IRS: Tax Returns Almost everyone files (or will someday file) a federal income tax return. A research poll for TurboTax (a computer software package to aid in tax-return preparation) asked what aspect of filing a return people thought to be the most difficult. The results showed that $43 \%$ of the respondents said understanding the IRS jargon, $28 \%$ said knowing deductions, $10 \%$ said getting the right form, $8 \%$ said calculating the numbers, and $10 \%$ didn’t know. Make a circle graph to display this information. Note: Percentages will not total $100 \%$ because of rounding.
Law Enforcement: DUI Driving under the influence of alcohol (DUI) is a serious offense. The following data give the ages of a random sample of 50 drivers arrested while driving under the influence of alcohol. This distribution is based on the age distribution of DUI arrests given in the Statistical Abstract of the United States (112th edition).
$\begin{array}{llllllllll}46 & 16 & 41 & 26 & 22 & 33 & 30 & 22 & 36 & 34 \ 63 & 21 & 26 & 18 & 27 & 24 & 21 & 38 & 26 & 57 \ 31 & 47 & 27 & 43 & 35 & 22 & 64 & 40 & 58 & 20 \ 49 & 37 & 53 & 25 & 29 & 32 & 23 & 49 & 39 & 40 \ 24 & 56 & 30 & 51 & 21 & 45 & 27 & 34 & 47 & 35\end{array}$
(a) Make a stem-and-leaf display of the age distribution.
(b) Make a frequency table with seven classes showing class limits, class boundaries, midpoints, frequencies, and relative frequencies.
(c) Draw a histogram.
(d) Draw a relative-frequency histogram.
(e) Identify the shape of the distribution.
(f) Draw an ogive.
(g) Interpretation Discuss how this data might be used to price auto insurance for different age groups.
Agriculture: Apple Trees The following data represent trunk circumferences (in mm) for a random sample of 604 -year-old apple trees at East Malling Agriculture Research Station in England (Reference: S. C. Pearce, University of Kent at Canterbury). Note: These data are also available for download at the Companion sites for this text.
$\begin{array}{rrrrrrrrrr}108 & 99 & 106 & 102 & 115 & 120 & 120 & 117 & 122 & 142 \ 106 & 111 & 119 & 109 & 125 & 108 & 116 & 105 & 117 & 123 \ 103 & 114 & 101 & 99 & 112 & 120 & 108 & 91 & 115 & 109 \ 114 & 105 & 99 & 122 & 106 & 113 & 114 & 75 & 96 & 124 \ 91 & 102 & 108 & 110 & 83 & 90 & 69 & 117 & 84 & 142 \ 122 & 113 & 105 & 112 & 117 & 122 & 129 & 100 & 138 & 117\end{array}$
(a) Make a stem-and-leaf display of the tree circumference data.
(b) Make a frequency table with seven classes showing class limits, class boundaries, midpoints, frequencies, and relative frequencies.
(c) Draw a histogram.
(d) Draw a relative-frequency histogram.
(e) Identify the shape of the distribution.
(f) Draw an ogive.
(g) Interpretation How are the low frequencies shown in the histogram reflected in the steepness of the lines in the ogive?
统计代写|AP统计作业代写代考|Law: Corporation Lawsuits
Law: Corporation Lawsuits Many people say the civil justice system is overburdened. Many cases center on suits involving businesses. The following data are based on a Wall Street Journal report. Researchers conducted a study of lawsuits involving 1908 businesses ranked in the Fortune 1000 over a 20 -year period. They found the following distribution of civil justice caseloads brought before the federal courts involving the businesses:
\begin{tabular}{l|c}
\hline Case Type & Number of Filings (in thousands) \
\hline Contracts & 107 \
General torts (personal injury) & 191 \
Asbestos liability & 49 \
Other product liability & 38 \
All other & 21 \
\hline
\end{tabular}
Note: Contracts cases involve disputes over contracts between businesses.
(a) Make a Pareto chart of the caseloads. Which type of cases occur most frequently?
(b) Make a pie chart showing the percentage of cases of each type.
Archaeology: Tree-Ring Data The Sand Canyon Archaeological Project, edited by W. D. Lipe and published by Crow Canyon Archaeological Center, contains the stem-and-leaf diagram shown in Figure 2-19. The study uses tree rings to accurately determine the year in which a tree was cut. The figure gives the tree-ring-cutting dates for samples of timbers found in the architectural units at Sand Canyon Pueblo. The text referring to the figure says, “The three-digit numbers in the left column represent centuries and decades A.D. The numbers to the right represent individual years, with each number derived from an individual sample. Thus, $124 \mid 222$ represents three samples dated to A.D. 1242.” Use Figure $2-19$ and the verbal description to answer the following questions.
(a) Which decade contained the most samples?
(b) How many samples had a tree-ring-cutting date between 1200 A.D. and 1239 A.D.. inclusive?
(c) What are the dates of the longest interval during which no tree-cutting samples occurred? What might this indicate about new construction or renovation of the pueblo structures during this period?
AP统计代写
统计代写|AP统计作业代写代考|Critical Thinking
批判性思维考虑这些类型的图表：直方图、条形图、帕累托图、饼图、茎叶显示。
(a) 哪些适合定性数据？
(b) 哪些适合定量数据？
批判性思维 一个消费者利益集团正在跟踪过去 30 年中家庭收入中用于汽油的百分比。哪种图形显示更有用，直方图还是时间序列图？为什么？
批判性思维 描述如何在直方图和茎叶图中显示数据异常值。
扩展您的知识点图和茎叶显示有何相似之处？它们有何不同？
焦点问题：燃油经济性 解决本章开头的焦点问题。
刑事司法：囚犯 图 2-18 中的时间图给出了每 100,000 人口中的州和联邦囚犯数量（来源：美国统计摘要，第 120 版）。
(a) 估计 1980 年和 1980 年每 10 万人中的囚犯人数1997.
(b) 解释 在所示时间段内，对毒品犯罪的起诉增加了，普通犯罪的刑期延长了，假释的机会减少了。关于每 100,000 人的监狱人口变化，时间序列图说明了什么？
(c) 1997 年，美国人口约为266,574,000人们。以每 100,000 人口中有 444 名囚犯的比率计算，该系统中大约有多少囚犯？预计 2020 年美国人口为323,724,000. 如果每 100,000 人的囚犯比例与 1997 年相同，那么您预计 2020 年该系统将有多少囚犯？要获取最新信息，请访问人口普查局网站。
统计代写|AP统计作业代写代考|IRS: Tax Returns
IRS：纳税申报表 几乎每个人都会提交（或有一天会提交）联邦所得税申报表。TurboTax（一种帮助准备纳税申报表的计算机软件包）的一项研究调查询问了人们认为申报纳税申报表的哪个方面最困难。结果表明，43%的受访者表示了解 IRS 行话，28%说知道扣除，10%说得到正确的形式，8%说计算数字，和10%不知道。制作一个圆形图来显示此信息。注意：百分比不会总计100%因为四舍五入。
执法部门：DUI 酒后驾驶 (DUI) 是一种严重的犯罪行为。以下数据给出了随机抽样的 50 名司机在酒后驾驶时被捕的年龄。该分布基于美国统计摘要（第 112 版）中给出的酒后驾车被捕的年龄分布。
46164126223330223634 63212618272421382657 31472743352264405820 49375325293223493940 24563051214527344735
(a) 对年龄分布进行茎叶展示。
(b) 制作一个包含七个类别的频率表，显示类别限制、类别边界、中点、频率和相对频率。
(c) 绘制直方图。
(d) 绘制相对频率直方图。
(e) 确定分布的形状。
(f) 画一个蛋形。
(g) 解释 讨论如何使用这些数据为不同年龄组的汽车保险定价。
农业：苹果树 以下数据代表英格兰东马林农业研究站随机抽样 604 年苹果树的树干周长（参考：SC Pearce，坎特伯雷肯特大学）。注意：这些数据也可以在本文的配套网站上下载。
10899106102115120120117122142 106111119109125108116105117123 1031141019911212010891115109 114105991221061131147596124 9110210811083906911784142 122113105112117122129100138117
(a) 对树木周长数据进行茎叶展示。
(b) 制作一个包含七个类别的频率表，显示类别限制、类别边界、中点、频率和相对频率。
(c) 绘制直方图。
(d) 绘制相对频率直方图。
(e) 确定分布的形状。
(f) 画一个蛋形。
(g) 解释 直方图中显示的低频如何反映在 ogive 线条的陡峭度上？
统计代写|AP统计作业代写代考|Law: Corporation Lawsuits
法律：公司诉讼 许多人说民事司法系统负担过重。许多案件都集中在涉及企业的诉讼上。以下数据基于华尔街日报的报道。研究人员对涉及 20 年财富 1000 强中排名的 1908 家企业的诉讼进行了研究。他们发现在涉及企业的联邦法院提交的民事司法案件量分布如下：
\begin{tabular}{l|c} \hline 案件类型和申请数量（以千计） \ \hline 合同 & 107 \ 一般侵权（人身伤害） & 191 \ 石棉责任 & 49 \ 其他产品责任 & 38 \ 全部其他 & 21 \ \hline \end{表格}\begin{tabular}{l|c} \hline 案件类型和申请数量（以千计） \ \hline 合同 & 107 \ 一般侵权（人身伤害） & 191 \ 石棉责任 & 49 \ 其他产品责任 & 38 \ 全部其他 & 21 \ \hline \end{表格}
注：合同案件涉及企业之间的合同纠纷。
(a) 制作案件量的帕累托图。哪种类型的病例最常发生？
(b) 制作一个饼图，显示每种类型病例的百分比。
考古学：年轮数据 由 WD Lipe 编辑并由 Crow Canyon Archaeological Center 出版的 Sand Canyon Archaeological Project 包含图 2-19 所示的茎叶图。该研究使用年轮来准确确定树木被砍伐的年份。该图给出了在 Sand Canyon Pueblo 的建筑单元中发现的木材样本的树木年轮切割日期。引用该图的文字说：“左栏中的三位数字代表公元世纪和十年，右边的数字代表各个年份，每个数字都来自一个单独的样本。因此，124∣222代表三个可追溯到公元 1242 年的样本。” 使用图2−19以及回答下列问题的口头描述。
(a) 哪个十年包含的样本最多？
(b) 有多少样本的年轮切割日期介于公元 1200 年至公元 1239 年之间。包括的？
(c) 没有发生砍伐样本的最长间隔日期是什么时候？这可能表明在此期间新建设或翻新的 pueblo 结构是什么？
Course Overview
AP Statistics is an introductory college-level statistics course that introduces students to the major concepts and tools for collecting, analyzing, and drawing conclusions from data. Students cultivate their understanding of statistics using technology, investigations, problem solving, and writing as they explore concepts like variation and distribution; patterns and uncertainty; and data-based predictions, decisions, and conclusions.
- AP Statistics Course OverviewThis resource provides a succinct description of the course and exam.PDF180.39 KB
- AP Statistics Course and Exam Description Walk-ThroughLearn more about the CED in this interactive walk-through.
- AP Statistics Course at a GlanceExcerpted from the AP Statistics Course and Exam Description, the Course at a Glance document outlines the topics and skills covered in the AP Statistics course, along with suggestions for sequencing.PDF585.66 KB
- AP Statistics Course and Exam DescriptionThis is the core document for this course. Unit guides clearly lay out the course content and skills and recommend sequencing and pacing for them throughout the year. The CED was updated in March 2021.PDF17.9 MB
- AP Statistics CED Errata SheetThis document details the updates made to the course and exam description (CED) in March 2021.PDF934.27 KB
- AP Statistics CED Scoring GuidelinesThis document details how each of the sample free-response questions in the course and exam description (CED) would be scored. This information is now in the online CED, but was not included in the binders teachers received in 2019.PDF245.87 KB
Course Content
Based on the Understanding by Design® (Wiggins and McTighe) model, this course framework provides a clear and detailed description of the course requirements necessary for student success. The framework specifies what students must know, be able to do, and understand, with a focus on three big ideas that encompass the principles and processes in the discipline of statistics. The framework also encourages instruction that prepares students for advanced coursework in statistics or other fields using statistical reasoning and for active, informed engagement with a world of data to be interpreted appropriately and applied wisely to make informed decisions.
The AP Statistics framework is organized into nine commonly taught units of study that provide one possible sequence for the course. As always, you have the flexibility to organize the course content as you like.
| Unit | Exam Weighting (Multiple-Choice Section) |
| Unit 1: Exploring One-Variable Data | 15%–23% |
| Unit 2: Exploring Two-Variable Data | 5%–7% |
| Unit 3: Collecting Data | 12%–15% |
| Unit 4: Probability, Random Variables, and Probability Distributions | 10%–20% |
| Unit 5: Sampling Distributions | 7%–12% |
| Unit 6: Inference for Categorical Data: Proportions | 12%–15% |
| Unit 7: Inference for Quantitative Data: Means | 10%–18% |
| Unit 8: Inference for Categorical Data: Chi-Square | 2%–5% |
| Unit 9: Inference for Quantitative Data: Slopes | 2%–5% |
Course Skills
The AP Statistics framework included in the course and exam description outlines distinct skills that students should practice throughout the year—skills that will help them learn to think and act like statisticians.
| Skill | Description | Exam Weighting (Multiple-Choice Section) |
| 1. Selecting Statistical Methods | Select methods for collecting and/or analyzing data for statistical inference. | 15%–23% |
| 2. Data Analysis | Describe patterns, trends, associations, and relationships in data. | 15%–23% |
| 3. Using Probability and Simulation | Explore random phenomena. | 30%–40% |
| 4. Statistical Argumentation | Develop an explanation or justify a conclusion using evidence from data, definitions, or statistical inference. | 25%–35% |
统计代写请认准statistics-lab™. statistics-lab™为您的留学生涯保驾护航。统计代写|python代写代考
随机过程代考
在概率论概念中，随机过程是随机变量的集合。 若一随机系统的样本点是随机函数，则称此函数为样本函数，这一随机系统全部样本函数的集合是一个随机过程。 实际应用中，样本函数的一般定义在时间域或者空间域。 随机过程的实例如股票和汇率的波动、语音信号、视频信号、体温的变化，随机运动如布朗运动、随机徘徊等等。
贝叶斯方法代考
贝叶斯统计概念及数据分析表示使用概率陈述回答有关未知参数的研究问题以及统计范式。后验分布包括关于参数的先验分布，和基于观测数据提供关于参数的信息似然模型。根据选择的先验分布和似然模型，后验分布可以解析或近似，例如，马尔科夫链蒙特卡罗 (MCMC) 方法之一。贝叶斯统计概念及数据分析使用后验分布来形成模型参数的各种摘要，包括点估计，如后验平均值、中位数、百分位数和称为可信区间的区间估计。此外，所有关于模型参数的统计检验都可以表示为基于估计后验分布的概率报表。
广义线性模型代考
广义线性模型（GLM）归属统计学领域，是一种应用灵活的线性回归模型。该模型允许因变量的偏差分布有除了正态分布之外的其它分布。
statistics-lab作为专业的留学生服务机构，多年来已为美国、英国、加拿大、澳洲等留学热门地的学生提供专业的学术服务，包括但不限于Essay代写，Assignment代写，Dissertation代写，Report代写，小组作业代写，Proposal代写，Paper代写，Presentation代写，计算机作业代写，论文修改和润色，网课代做，exam代考等等。写作范围涵盖高中，本科，研究生等海外留学全阶段，辐射金融，经济学，会计学，审计学，管理学等全球99%专业科目。写作团队既有专业英语母语作者，也有海外名校硕博留学生，每位写作老师都拥有过硬的语言能力，专业的学科背景和学术写作经验。我们承诺100%原创，100%专业，100%准时，100%满意。
机器学习代写
随着AI的大潮到来，Machine Learning逐渐成为一个新的学习热点。同时与传统CS相比，Machine Learning在其他领域也有着广泛的应用，因此这门学科成为不仅折磨CS专业同学的“小恶魔”，也是折磨生物、化学、统计等其他学科留学生的“大魔王”。学习Machine learning的一大绊脚石在于使用语言众多，跨学科范围广，所以学习起来尤其困难。但是不管你在学习Machine Learning时遇到任何难题，StudyGate专业导师团队都能为你轻松解决。
多元统计分析代考
基础数据: $N$ 个样本， $P$ 个变量数的单样本，组成的横列的数据表
变量定性: 分类和顺序；变量定量：数值
数学公式的角度分为: 因变量与自变量
时间序列分析代写
随机过程，是依赖于参数的一组随机变量的全体，参数通常是时间。 随机变量是随机现象的数量表现，其时间序列是一组按照时间发生先后顺序进行排列的数据点序列。通常一组时间序列的时间间隔为一恒定值（如1秒，5分钟，12小时，7天，1年），因此时间序列可以作为离散时间数据进行分析处理。研究时间序列数据的意义在于现实中，往往需要研究某个事物其随时间发展变化的规律。这就需要通过研究该事物过去发展的历史记录，以得到其自身发展的规律。
回归分析代写
多元回归分析渐进（Multiple Regression Analysis Asymptotics）属于计量经济学领域，主要是一种数学上的统计分析方法，可以分析复杂情况下各影响因素的数学关系，在自然科学、社会和经济学等多个领域内应用广泛。
MATLAB代写
MATLAB 是一种用于技术计算的高性能语言。它将计算、可视化和编程集成在一个易于使用的环境中，其中问题和解决方案以熟悉的数学符号表示。典型用途包括：数学和计算算法开发建模、仿真和原型制作数据分析、探索和可视化科学和工程图形应用程序开发，包括图形用户界面构建MATLAB 是一个交互式系统，其基本数据元素是一个不需要维度的数组。这使您可以解决许多技术计算问题，尤其是那些具有矩阵和向量公式的问题，而只需用 C 或 Fortran 等标量非交互式语言编写程序所需的时间的一小部分。MATLAB 名称代表矩阵实验室。MATLAB 最初的编写目的是提供对由 LINPACK 和 EISPACK 项目开发的矩阵软件的轻松访问，这两个项目共同代表了矩阵计算软件的最新技术。MATLAB 经过多年的发展，得到了许多用户的投入。在大学环境中，它是数学、工程和科学入门和高级课程的标准教学工具。在工业领域，MATLAB 是高效研究、开发和分析的首选工具。MATLAB 具有一系列称为工具箱的特定于应用程序的解决方案。对于大多数 MATLAB 用户来说非常重要，工具箱允许您学习和应用专业技术。工具箱是 MATLAB 函数（M 文件）的综合集合，可扩展 MATLAB 环境以解决特定类别的问题。可用工具箱的领域包括信号处理、控制系统、神经网络、模糊逻辑、小波、仿真等。