标签: ARTH103

建筑代写|建筑史代写Historical and Cultural Developments of Cities and their Architecture代考|ARTH103

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建筑史是对建筑学的研究,因为它在几个世纪以来,在许多不同的景观和文化中不断演变。建筑史可以追溯到古代美索不达米亚人、埃及人、希腊文明等,是一部全球历史。

statistics-lab™ 为您的留学生涯保驾护航 在代写建筑史Historical and Cultural Developments of Cities and their Architecture方面已经树立了自己的口碑, 保证靠谱, 高质且原创的统计Statistics代写服务。我们的专家在代写建筑史Historical and Cultural Developments of Cities and their Architecture代写方面经验极为丰富,各种代写建筑史Historical and Cultural Developments of Cities and their Architecture相关的作业也就用不着说。

我们提供的建筑史Historical and Cultural Developments of Cities and their Architecture及其相关学科的代写,服务范围广, 其中包括但不限于:

  • Statistical Inference 统计推断
  • Statistical Computing 统计计算
  • Advanced Probability Theory 高等概率论
  • Advanced Mathematical Statistics 高等数理统计学
  • (Generalized) Linear Models 广义线性模型
  • Statistical Machine Learning 统计机器学习
  • Longitudinal Data Analysis 纵向数据分析
  • Foundations of Data Science 数据科学基础
建筑代写|建筑史代写Historical and Cultural Developments of Cities and their Architecture代考|ARTH103

建筑代写|建筑史代写Historical and Cultural Developments of Cities and their Architecture代考|Infrastructure as Deeply Implicated in Spatial Inequality and Violence

Infrastructure has always been a factor in the exertion of violence in the world, sometimes in ways that are highly visible, and at other times occulted and obscure. The European network of rail lines and terminals that signified the continent’s modernity also served the deportation, movement, and murder of Jewish people during the Shoah. Haussmann’s grand boulevards were as much about beauty and order as they were avenues for Second Empire military mobilization against an unruly populace. Chicago’s Dan Ryan Expressway facilitated the north-south flow of traffic through a growing city, while re-enforcing the barrier against Black people’s westward movement into White neighborhoods. French colonial officials planned cordons sanitaires in cities from Casablanca to Saigon in order to establish zones of separation between “native” and European populations (Figure 0.6). The extents and limits of piped water, electricity, transit, and other affordances are major factors in the production of socio-spatial inequalities. At the same time, as Fran Tonkiss reminds us, infrastructure produces forms of citizenship and belonging not dependent on official documents or membership in an electoral roll. “The pipe that runs below my building and connects to the sewer main,” she notes, “is a line of civic membership activated far more frequently than my intermittent trips to the voting booth.”31 Such physical networks bind people into polities in ways that are often unpredictable, unintended, even invisible.

In sum, the examination of infrastructure designs in an expanded field presents a range of possibilities for new ways of understanding our interactions with the built world. This is more than simply adding typologies and artifacts to the roster of infrastructure, though that alone would be a valuable outcome. Rather, it opens up a view of infrastructure as an ever-changing assemblage of socio-technical objects, networks, and processes mutually constituted and continuously iterated through spatial imaginaries and material flows. It also opens up considerations of affect, of what infrastructure makes possible in our emotional, spiritual, and material lives. The drone of the subway and the heat of the packed subway car after work. The eruv, comprising fishing line connected to lampposts and telephone poles and elevated train tracks, enclosing the Jewish faithful in a protected wall wherein they can perform tasks otherwise forbidden on Sabbath. The stunning views of mountains, valleys, and streams from the Tribhuvan Highway between Chitwan and Katmandu. The dark water of a canal in Xochimilco, gently rippling with the movement of a canoe paddle. The bridge where we last saw a friend, the street corner where we fell in love.

建筑代写|建筑史代写Historical and Cultural Developments of Cities and their Architecture代考|Structure of the Volume

This book considers infrastructure across a wide variety of forms, locations, and temporalities. The authors take us to disparate world regions, explore themes across broad spans of time, examine questions of linkage and scale, investigate infrastructure as phenomenon and affect, and trace the interrelation of aesthetics, techology, and power. Some focus on singular infrastructural elements, others on whole systems or interrelated networks; together, they provide a rich and multiform account of how we build and connect the world. The chapters themselves are organized into eight sections. The first four sections emphasize broad thematic approaches, while the second four sections emphasize typological approaches. This is by no means meant to be a discrete division; indeed, each chapter in the thematic sections deals with specific types and examples of infrastructure, and each chapter in the typological section illuminates critical themes in infrastructure design. Moreover, chapters interrelate across the divisions into which they have been placed, some tied together by geography, others by time period, still others through a focus on political, economic, or cultural dimensions of infrastructure. In all cases, authors bring highly developed conceptual frameworks and thoroughly empirical studies to the table.

The first section investigates material forms, compositions, and installments of infrastructure. Braden Lee Scott’s chapter takes us to Imperial Rome, where successive rulers sought to legitimize their power through the quarrying, transport, and installation of Egyptian stone. Carmelina Martinez considers the work of eighteenth-century French architect Claude-Nicolas Ledoux, who regarded the creation of infrastructure around salt production as an opportunity to propose ideal relations between architecture, technology, and nature. Robby Fivez and Monika Motylińska bring us to twentieth-century cement production in Sub-Saharan Africa, using a novel genealogical approach to trace the ruptures and continuities in infrastructure building between colonial and post-independence Nigeria, Tanzania, and the Republic of Congo. Finally, Stefano Corbo’s chapter presents an intriguing architectural inversion, where excavated, hidden, and concealed spaces comprise the “underworld” of infrastructure under late capitalism.

In the second section, authors consider infrastructure in terms of embodied subjects in formation. Hannah Ahblad opens a view onto how Pashtun women have adopted and used communication infrastructure in Afghanistan in order to construct gendered spaces for expression and exchange, particularly in the post-Soviet period. In the context of drought-stricken Northeast Brazil in the early twentieth century, Laura Belik traces the spatial containment of migrant families, which in turn facilitated their recruitment into a regime of coerced labor for infrastructure projects. And Reem Sardina, Sherif Elfiki, and Ahmed El Antably present a novel account of Cairene cemeteries as an infrastructure both for the transportation of souls to the beyond and the habitation of squatters in a city rapidly running out of space for the living.

Visions of the natural world and its relationship to infrastructure form the basis of chapters in section three. Marie Pirard examines the transformation of the Eau d’Heure Valley in Belgium, where for fifty years planners, architects, and engineers constructed a series of dams and reservoirs that resulted in the formation of a hybrid “machine in the garden” landscape. Margaret Vickery’s chapter provides a critical evaluation of contemporary Danish approaches to infrastructure design, where architects and engineers seek to incorporate such elements as wastewater treatment and power generation plants into spaces for recreation, education, and play. And Catherine Seavitt Nordenson traces the long durée of the expansion of infrastructure into the Amazon as a project of resource exploitation and territorial control, from early colonial mapping efforts to the rise of the environmental conservation movement in the 1970 .

建筑代写|建筑史代写Historical and Cultural Developments of Cities and their Architecture代考|ARTH103

建筑史代考

建筑代写|建筑史代写Historical and Cultural Developments of Cities and their Architecture代考|Infrastructure as Deeply Implicated in Spatial Inequality and Violence

基础设施一直是世界上施加暴力的一个因素,有时以非常明显的方式,而有时则以隐蔽和隐蔽的方式。标志着欧洲大陆现代化的欧洲铁路线和终点站网络也为大屠杀期间犹太人的驱逐、迁移和谋杀服务。奥斯曼的大道既是关于美丽和秩序的,也是第二帝国军事动员对抗不守规矩民众的途径。芝加哥的丹瑞恩高速公路促进了南北交通通过不断发展的城市,同时加强了阻止黑人向西移动到白人社区的障碍。法国殖民官员计划在从卡萨布兰卡到西贡的城市设置警戒线,以便在“本地”人口和欧洲人口之间建立隔离区(图 0.6)。管道水、电力、交通和其他供给的范围和限制是产生社会空间不平等的主要因素。与此同时,正如 Fran Tonkiss 提醒我们的那样,基础设施产生了不依赖于官方文件或选民名册的公民身份和归属感。“在我的建筑物下方运行并连接到下水道总管的管道,”她指出,“是一条比我间歇性地前往投票站更频繁地激活的公民会员线。”31 这样的物理网络以多种方式将人们与政体联系在一起这通常是不可预测的、无意的,甚至是不可见的。管道水、电力、交通和其他供给的范围和限制是产生社会空间不平等的主要因素。与此同时,正如 Fran Tonkiss 提醒我们的那样,基础设施产生了不依赖于官方文件或选民名册的公民身份和归属感。“在我的建筑物下方运行并连接到下水道总管的管道,”她指出,“是一条比我间歇性地前往投票站更频繁地激活的公民会员线。”31 这样的物理网络以多种方式将人们与政体联系在一起这通常是不可预测的、无意的,甚至是不可见的。管道水、电力、交通和其他供给的范围和限制是产生社会空间不平等的主要因素。与此同时,正如 Fran Tonkiss 提醒我们的那样,基础设施产生了不依赖于官方文件或选民名册的公民身份和归属感。“在我的建筑物下方运行并连接到下水道总管的管道,”她指出,“是一条比我间歇性地前往投票站更频繁地激活的公民会员线。”31 这样的物理网络以多种方式将人们与政体联系在一起这通常是不可预测的、无意的,甚至是不可见的。基础设施产生了不依赖于官方文件或选民名册的公民身份和归属感。“在我的建筑物下方运行并连接到下水道总管的管道,”她指出,“是一条比我间歇性地前往投票站更频繁地激活的公民会员线。”31 这样的物理网络以多种方式将人们与政体联系在一起这通常是不可预测的、无意的,甚至是不可见的。基础设施产生了不依赖于官方文件或选民名册的公民身份和归属感。“在我的建筑物下方运行并连接到下水道总管的管道,”她指出,“是一条比我间歇性地前往投票站更频繁地激活的公民会员线。”31 这样的物理网络以多种方式将人们与政体联系在一起这通常是不可预测的、无意的,甚至是不可见的。

总之,在扩展领域中对基础设施设计的研究为理解我们与建筑世界的互动提供了一系列可能性。这不仅仅是将类型和工件添加到基础设施名册中,尽管仅此一项就很有价值。相反,它开启了一种将基础设施视为不断变化的社会技术对象、网络和过程的集合的观点,这些对象通过空间想象和物质流相互构成并不断迭代。它还开启了对影响的考虑,以及哪些基础设施在我们的情感、精神和物质生活中成为可能。地铁的无人机和下班后拥挤的地铁车厢的热量。eruv,包括与灯柱、电线杆和高架火车轨道相连的钓鱼线,将犹太信徒封闭在受保护的墙内,他们可以在其中执行安息日禁止的任务。从奇旺和加德满都之间的特里布万高速公路可以欣赏到山脉、山谷和溪流的壮丽景色。霍奇米尔科运河的黑色水,随着独木舟桨的运动轻轻荡漾。我们最后一次见到朋友的桥,我们坠入爱河的街角。

建筑代写|建筑史代写Historical and Cultural Developments of Cities and their Architecture代考|Structure of the Volume

本书考虑了各种形式、位置和时间的基础设施。作者带我们去不同的世界地区,探索跨越时间跨度的主题,研究联系和规模问题,调查基础设施作为现象和影响,并追踪美学、技术和权力的相互关系。有些专注于单一的基础设施元素,有些则专注于整个系统或相互关联的网络;它们共同为我们如何构建和连接世界提供了丰富而多样的描述。章节本身分为八个部分。前四个部分强调广泛的主题方法,而后四个部分强调类型学方法。这绝不是一个离散的划分;的确,主题部分的每一章都涉及基础设施的特定类型和示例,类型部分的每一章都阐明了基础设施设计中的关键主题。此外,各章节相互关联,它们被放置在不同的部门之间,有些是按地理联系在一起的,有些是按时间段联系在一起的,还有一些是通过关注基础设施的政治、经济或文化方面的。在所有情况下,作者都提出了高度发达的概念框架和彻底的实证研究。或基础设施的文化维度。在所有情况下,作者都提出了高度发达的概念框架和彻底的实证研究。或基础设施的文化维度。在所有情况下,作者都提出了高度发达的概念框架和彻底的实证研究。

第一部分研究基础设施的材料形式、组成和分期付款。Braden Lee Scott 的章节将我们带到了罗马帝国,历任统治者试图通过采石、运输和安装埃及石头来使他们的权力合法化。Carmelina Martinez 认为 18 世纪法国建筑师 Claude-Nicolas Ledoux 的作品,他将围绕盐生产的基础设施的创建视为提出建筑、技术和自然之间理想关系的机会。Robby Fivez 和 Monika Motylińska 将我们带到 20 世纪撒哈拉以南非洲的水泥生产,他们使用一种新的谱系学方法来追踪殖民时期和独立后的尼日利亚、坦桑尼亚和刚果共和国之间基础设施建设的断裂和连续性。最后,

在第二部分中,作者根据形成中的具体主题来考虑基础设施。Hannah Ahblad 开启了关于普什图妇女如何在阿富汗采用和使用通信基础设施以构建表达和交流的性别空间的观点,特别是在后苏联时期。在 20 世纪初巴西东北部遭受旱灾的背景下,劳拉·贝利克 (Laura Belik) 追溯了移民家庭的空间遏制,这反过来又促进了他们被招募为基础设施项目的强制劳工制度。Reem Sardina、Sherif Elfiki 和 Ahmed El Antably 提出了关于 Cairene 墓地的新颖描述,作为将灵魂运送到彼岸的基础设施,以及在一个迅速耗尽生计空间的城市中的寮屋居住者。

自然世界的愿景及其与基础设施的关系构成了第三部分各章的基础。玛丽·皮拉德 (Marie Pirard) 考察了比利时 Eau d’Heure 山谷的转型,五十年来,规划师、建筑师和工程师在这里建造了一系列水坝和水库,形成了混合的“花园中的机器”景观。Margaret Vickery 的章节对当代丹麦基础设施设计方法进行了批判性评估,建筑师和工程师寻求将废水处理和发电厂等元素融入娱乐、教育和娱乐空间。凯瑟琳·西维特·诺登森(Catherine Seavitt Nordenson)追溯了将基础设施扩展到亚马逊作为资源开发和领土控制项目的长期过程,

建筑代写|建筑史代写Historical and Cultural Developments of Cities and their Architecture代考 请认准statistics-lab™

统计代写请认准statistics-lab™. statistics-lab™为您的留学生涯保驾护航。

金融工程代写

金融工程是使用数学技术来解决金融问题。金融工程使用计算机科学、统计学、经济学和应用数学领域的工具和知识来解决当前的金融问题,以及设计新的和创新的金融产品。

非参数统计代写

非参数统计指的是一种统计方法,其中不假设数据来自于由少数参数决定的规定模型;这种模型的例子包括正态分布模型和线性回归模型。

广义线性模型代考

广义线性模型(GLM)归属统计学领域,是一种应用灵活的线性回归模型。该模型允许因变量的偏差分布有除了正态分布之外的其它分布。

术语 广义线性模型(GLM)通常是指给定连续和/或分类预测因素的连续响应变量的常规线性回归模型。它包括多元线性回归,以及方差分析和方差分析(仅含固定效应)。

有限元方法代写

有限元方法(FEM)是一种流行的方法,用于数值解决工程和数学建模中出现的微分方程。典型的问题领域包括结构分析、传热、流体流动、质量运输和电磁势等传统领域。

有限元是一种通用的数值方法,用于解决两个或三个空间变量的偏微分方程(即一些边界值问题)。为了解决一个问题,有限元将一个大系统细分为更小、更简单的部分,称为有限元。这是通过在空间维度上的特定空间离散化来实现的,它是通过构建对象的网格来实现的:用于求解的数值域,它有有限数量的点。边界值问题的有限元方法表述最终导致一个代数方程组。该方法在域上对未知函数进行逼近。[1] 然后将模拟这些有限元的简单方程组合成一个更大的方程系统,以模拟整个问题。然后,有限元通过变化微积分使相关的误差函数最小化来逼近一个解决方案。

tatistics-lab作为专业的留学生服务机构,多年来已为美国、英国、加拿大、澳洲等留学热门地的学生提供专业的学术服务,包括但不限于Essay代写,Assignment代写,Dissertation代写,Report代写,小组作业代写,Proposal代写,Paper代写,Presentation代写,计算机作业代写,论文修改和润色,网课代做,exam代考等等。写作范围涵盖高中,本科,研究生等海外留学全阶段,辐射金融,经济学,会计学,审计学,管理学等全球99%专业科目。写作团队既有专业英语母语作者,也有海外名校硕博留学生,每位写作老师都拥有过硬的语言能力,专业的学科背景和学术写作经验。我们承诺100%原创,100%专业,100%准时,100%满意。

随机分析代写


随机微积分是数学的一个分支,对随机过程进行操作。它允许为随机过程的积分定义一个关于随机过程的一致的积分理论。这个领域是由日本数学家伊藤清在第二次世界大战期间创建并开始的。

时间序列分析代写

随机过程,是依赖于参数的一组随机变量的全体,参数通常是时间。 随机变量是随机现象的数量表现,其时间序列是一组按照时间发生先后顺序进行排列的数据点序列。通常一组时间序列的时间间隔为一恒定值(如1秒,5分钟,12小时,7天,1年),因此时间序列可以作为离散时间数据进行分析处理。研究时间序列数据的意义在于现实中,往往需要研究某个事物其随时间发展变化的规律。这就需要通过研究该事物过去发展的历史记录,以得到其自身发展的规律。

回归分析代写

多元回归分析渐进(Multiple Regression Analysis Asymptotics)属于计量经济学领域,主要是一种数学上的统计分析方法,可以分析复杂情况下各影响因素的数学关系,在自然科学、社会和经济学等多个领域内应用广泛。

MATLAB代写

MATLAB 是一种用于技术计算的高性能语言。它将计算、可视化和编程集成在一个易于使用的环境中,其中问题和解决方案以熟悉的数学符号表示。典型用途包括:数学和计算算法开发建模、仿真和原型制作数据分析、探索和可视化科学和工程图形应用程序开发,包括图形用户界面构建MATLAB 是一个交互式系统,其基本数据元素是一个不需要维度的数组。这使您可以解决许多技术计算问题,尤其是那些具有矩阵和向量公式的问题,而只需用 C 或 Fortran 等标量非交互式语言编写程序所需的时间的一小部分。MATLAB 名称代表矩阵实验室。MATLAB 最初的编写目的是提供对由 LINPACK 和 EISPACK 项目开发的矩阵软件的轻松访问,这两个项目共同代表了矩阵计算软件的最新技术。MATLAB 经过多年的发展,得到了许多用户的投入。在大学环境中,它是数学、工程和科学入门和高级课程的标准教学工具。在工业领域,MATLAB 是高效研究、开发和分析的首选工具。MATLAB 具有一系列称为工具箱的特定于应用程序的解决方案。对于大多数 MATLAB 用户来说非常重要,工具箱允许您学习应用专业技术。工具箱是 MATLAB 函数(M 文件)的综合集合,可扩展 MATLAB 环境以解决特定类别的问题。可用工具箱的领域包括信号处理、控制系统、神经网络、模糊逻辑、小波、仿真等。

R语言代写问卷设计与分析代写
PYTHON代写回归分析与线性模型代写
MATLAB代写方差分析与试验设计代写
STATA代写机器学习/统计学习代写
SPSS代写计量经济学代写
EVIEWS代写时间序列分析代写
EXCEL代写深度学习代写
SQL代写各种数据建模与可视化代写

建筑代写|建筑史代写Historical and Cultural Developments of Cities and their Architecture代考|ARCH1300

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建筑史是对建筑学的研究,因为它在几个世纪以来,在许多不同的景观和文化中不断演变。建筑史可以追溯到古代美索不达米亚人、埃及人、希腊文明等,是一部全球历史。

statistics-lab™ 为您的留学生涯保驾护航 在代写建筑史Historical and Cultural Developments of Cities and their Architecture方面已经树立了自己的口碑, 保证靠谱, 高质且原创的统计Statistics代写服务。我们的专家在代写建筑史Historical and Cultural Developments of Cities and their Architecture代写方面经验极为丰富,各种代写建筑史Historical and Cultural Developments of Cities and their Architecture相关的作业也就用不着说。

我们提供的建筑史Historical and Cultural Developments of Cities and their Architecture及其相关学科的代写,服务范围广, 其中包括但不限于:

  • Statistical Inference 统计推断
  • Statistical Computing 统计计算
  • Advanced Probability Theory 高等概率论
  • Advanced Mathematical Statistics 高等数理统计学
  • (Generalized) Linear Models 广义线性模型
  • Statistical Machine Learning 统计机器学习
  • Longitudinal Data Analysis 纵向数据分析
  • Foundations of Data Science 数据科学基础
建筑代写|建筑史代写Historical and Cultural Developments of Cities and their Architecture代考|ARCH1300

建筑代写|建筑史代写Historical and Cultural Developments of Cities and their Architecture代考|Infrastructure in an Expanded Field

In order to tell new stories about the design of infrastructure over time, the authors in this volume consider infrastructure beyond its object state into an expanded field. After all, infrastructure unfolds in excess of itself, congeries of always-incomplete social relations, human desires, material resonances, and stories that simultaneously focus and amplify, compress and expand the world. The Silk Road, for example, never existed as one coherent artifact; instead, it comes to us as a compression of many stories that we have forged into a singular narrative. It was at once a collection of spatial and architectural forms that emerged, accumulated, and faded over time-routes, markers, caravanserai, fortifications, ports, custom houses, water wells-and at the same time a space of world-making across geography and culture (Figure 0.3). The nilometers of ancient Egypt not only enabled the practical exercise of recording the annual flood, they provided data for the calculation of hydrological cycles that undergirded the mysteries of priestly power. The U.S. Interstate is both a slab of asphalt with supremely engineered fault tolerances, and a space for projecting freedom, mobility, and American power. And while it ramifies spatially, it is never experienced in totality by any one person, but rather in fragments, ideated through countless maps and atlases. Every airport terminal is a more or less humdrum feature of long-distance travel, and at the same time a tightly wound nodal point in the networked shrinkage of the globe. But we do not know that network as a whole; we know the check-in counter, the security cordon, the departure gate. Wires and switches dumbly send us electricity, but also envelop us in the hypnotic spell of the technological sublime.

The present volume examines infrastructure within an expanded field. This expanded field includes not only the immediate artifacts of infrastructure – the dams, bridges, water pipes, fiber optic cablesbut also the materials of which they are composed, the processes that produce them, the labor that animates them, the human affects that they reflect and engender, the landscapes and ecologies that they transform, and the stories within which they are enmeshed. These stories are not only about the construction of structures and systems, but also about the desires behind these constructions, the forms of life that they make possible, and the path dependencies that organize their emergence into the world. Rather than view infrastructure as a taken-for-granted element of modernity, this volume approaches infrastructure through Bruno Latour’s assertion that modernity is itself a multiform narrative. Infrastructure, then, constitutes a historically contingent element in the construction and dissemination not of modernity, but of the story of modernity-that contradictory knot of dreams, aspirations, and values that shape how we narrate the world. ${ }^{18}$

建筑代写|建筑史代写Historical and Cultural Developments of Cities and their Architecture代考|New Vantages

Reading infrastructure in an expanded field brings to the fore many features of its design over time. If we perhaps push the boundaries of what counts as infrastructure a bit far at times, it is a small price to pay for the intellectual ground we gain. Not everything is infrastructure, of course; but few features of the contemporary world remain outside or untouched by the spaces of flows constituted through infrastructure. Thus, the authors in this volume take a broad and inclusive view of infrastructure as the entangled ensembles of nodes, networks, and processes that facilitate the movement of people, ideas, and things from one place to another. Such a framework, in turn, provides new avenues of approach, new vantages from which to recast the stories we tell about the design of infrastructure. I will review five of these vantages and their implications here.

Far from a uniform and straightforward expansion over time, infrastructure projects tend to be unleashed in nervous eruptions at key historical moments, often as exercises in war, nation-building, or imperial control. At other times they accrue slowly, even imperceptibly, as separate projects knitted together over time, like the Indian Ocean trade network of the thirteenth century. At other times infrastructure erodes or disappears, like so many Mayan temples and processional streets entwined by jungle, or the Late Dynastic Port of Thonis slowly eroding below the azure waters of the Mediterranean. Such contingent and uneven histories remove infrastructure from its overdetermined role as a herald of progress, rung on the ladder of development, or step in the march of improvement. Moreover, infrastructure from one era can be repurposed for another, as with the recent trend of converting decommissioned train lines into linear parks. Despite these temporal complexities, we tend to collapse our accounts of infrastructure into a suite of tropes and narrative conventions that recruit roads, bridges, utility networks, and communication lines into unilinear stories of progress (Figure 0.5). Such stories, in turn, become justification for further infrastructure building.

Infrastructure tends to obscure the forces of its own production as well as the materials that flow through it. Immense expenditures of capital and labor shape networked materialities and spaces of flows, even while those expenditures recede into the overdetermined symbolism of the forms themselves. If we are fortunate, infrastructure brings water and gas to our homes, but those substances have been dramatically transformed from their source origins, and our relationship to them is attenuated by distance and the black box of technology. ${ }^{26}$ Meanwhile, dams, docks, pipes, rail lines, and other artifacts seldom reveal their political and economic affordances. When we cross the Akashi Kaikyō Bridge to Kobe, we are mesmerized by its exquisite span, but we do not see the mass dampers that stabilize the bridge’s resonance frequencies against strong winds, or the political, environmental, and contracting controversies that have plagued the bridge since its inception. The beautifully designed Bangalore-Mysore cloverleaf interchange obscures the legislative appropriations, land acquisitions, construction contracts, and hard labor that made such a piece of kit possible. Moreover, these infrastructures become such routine features of life that they tend to disappear or sublimate into our unconscious, only to be revealed in moments of crisis, as when the Tangshan Earthquake of 1976 destroyed many of the streets needed for rescue access, or when the blackout of 2003 blanketed the Northeastern United States and Southeastern Canada in darkness.

建筑代写|建筑史代写Historical and Cultural Developments of Cities and their Architecture代考|ARCH1300

建筑史代考

建筑代写|建筑史代写Historical and Cultural Developments of Cities and their Architecture代考|Infrastructure in an Expanded Field

为了随着时间的推移讲述有关基础设施设计的新故事,本卷中的作者将基础设施视为超越其对象状态的扩展领域。毕竟,基础设施的展开是超越自身的,总是不完整的社会关系、人类欲望、物质共鸣和故事的集合体,它们同时聚焦和放大、压缩和扩展世界。例如,丝绸之路从来就不是一件连贯的人工制品。取而代之的是,它对我们来说是对许多故事的压缩,这些故事我们已经形成了一个单一的叙述。它既是空间和建筑形式的集合,随着时间的推移而出现、积累和消失——路线、标记、商队、防御工事、港口、海关、水井——同时也是一个跨越地理的世界创造空间和文化(图 0.3)。古埃及的尼禄计不仅使记录年度洪水的实际练习成为可能,它们还为计算水文循环提供了数据,这些数据奠定了祭司权力的奥秘。美国州际公路既是一块沥青板,具有极高的设计容错能力,也是一个投射自由、流动性和美国力量的空间。虽然它在空间上扩展,但任何一个人都不会完整地体验它,而是通过无数地图和地图集构思出的片段。每个机场航站楼或多或少都是长途旅行的单调特征,同时也是全球网络收缩中一个紧密缠绕的节点。但是我们不知道整个网络;我们知道值机柜台、安全警戒线、登机口。

本卷研究了扩展领域内的基础设施。这个扩展的领域不仅包括基础设施的直接人工制品——水坝、桥梁、水管、光缆,还包括构成它们的材料、生产它们的过程、激发它们的劳动、它们反映的人类影响和产生,它们改变的景观和生态,以及它们所卷入的故事。这些故事不仅是关于结构和系统的构建,而且是关于这些构建背后的欲望,它们使之成为可能的生命形式,以及组织它们出现在世界上的路径依赖。与其将基础设施视为理所当然的现代性元素,这本书通过布鲁诺·拉图尔(Bruno Latour)关于现代性本身就是一种多种形式的叙述的主张来接近基础设施。因此,基础设施构成了构建和传播现代性的历史偶然因素,而不是现代性的故事——梦想、愿望和价值观的矛盾结,塑造了我们叙述世界的方式。18

建筑代写|建筑史代写Historical and Cultural Developments of Cities and their Architecture代考|New Vantages

随着时间的推移,扩展领域中的阅读基础设施将其设计的许多特征带到了首位。如果我们有时可能将基础设施的界限推得更远,那么为我们获得的知识基础付出的代价是很小的。当然,并非一切都是基础设施。但是,当代世界的一些特征仍然存在于由基础设施构成的流动空间之外或未被触及。因此,本卷中的作者对基础设施采取了广泛而包容的观点,将基础设施视为节点、网络和流程的纠缠集合,促进人、思想和事物从一个地方到另一个地方的移动。反过来,这样的框架提供了新的方法途径和新的优势,可以重新塑造我们讲述的有关基础设施设计的故事。

随着时间的推移,基础设施项目远非统一和直接的扩张,而是往往在关键的历史时刻紧张地爆发,通常作为战争、国家建设或帝国控制的演习。在其他时候,它们随着时间的推移慢慢地积累起来,甚至是难以察觉的,就像 13 世纪的印度洋贸易网络一样。在其他时候,基础设施被侵蚀或消失,就像许多玛雅寺庙和被丛林缠绕的游行街道,或者晚王朝时期的托尼斯港在地中海蔚蓝的海水下慢慢侵蚀。这种偶然和不平衡的历史将基础设施从其作为进步先驱的过度确定的角色中移除,在发展的阶梯上梯级,或在改进的过程中迈出一步。此外,一个时代的基础设施可以重新用于另一个时代,就像最近将退役的火车线路转变为线性公园的趋势一样。尽管存在这些时间上的复杂性,我们还是倾向于将我们对基础设施的描述分解为一套比喻和叙述惯例,这些比喻和叙述惯例将道路、桥梁、公用事业网络和通信线路纳入单线的进步故事中(图 0.5)。反过来,这些故事成为进一步基础设施建设的理由。

基础设施往往会掩盖其自身生产的力量以及流经它的材料。资本和劳动力的巨额支出塑造了网络化的物质性和流动空间,即使这些支出退缩为形式本身的过度确定的象征意义。如果我们幸运的话,基础设施为我们的家庭带来了水和天然气,但是这些物质已经从它们的来源发生了巨大的变化,我们与它们的关系被距离和技术黑匣子削弱了。26与此同时,水坝、码头、管道、铁路线和其他文物很少揭示它们的政治和经济可供性。当我们穿过明石海峡大桥到神户时,我们被它精致的跨度所迷住,但我们没有看到在强风中稳定桥梁共振频率的质量阻尼器,也没有看到困扰这座桥的政治、环境和合同争议自成立以来。设计精美的班加罗尔-迈索尔三叶草交汇处掩盖了使这种套件成为可能的立法拨款、土地收购、建筑合同和艰苦的劳动。此外,这些基础设施成为生活的常规特征,以至于它们往往会消失或升华到我们的无意识中,只有在危机时刻才会显现出来,

建筑代写|建筑史代写Historical and Cultural Developments of Cities and their Architecture代考 请认准statistics-lab™

统计代写请认准statistics-lab™. statistics-lab™为您的留学生涯保驾护航。

金融工程代写

金融工程是使用数学技术来解决金融问题。金融工程使用计算机科学、统计学、经济学和应用数学领域的工具和知识来解决当前的金融问题,以及设计新的和创新的金融产品。

非参数统计代写

非参数统计指的是一种统计方法,其中不假设数据来自于由少数参数决定的规定模型;这种模型的例子包括正态分布模型和线性回归模型。

广义线性模型代考

广义线性模型(GLM)归属统计学领域,是一种应用灵活的线性回归模型。该模型允许因变量的偏差分布有除了正态分布之外的其它分布。

术语 广义线性模型(GLM)通常是指给定连续和/或分类预测因素的连续响应变量的常规线性回归模型。它包括多元线性回归,以及方差分析和方差分析(仅含固定效应)。

有限元方法代写

有限元方法(FEM)是一种流行的方法,用于数值解决工程和数学建模中出现的微分方程。典型的问题领域包括结构分析、传热、流体流动、质量运输和电磁势等传统领域。

有限元是一种通用的数值方法,用于解决两个或三个空间变量的偏微分方程(即一些边界值问题)。为了解决一个问题,有限元将一个大系统细分为更小、更简单的部分,称为有限元。这是通过在空间维度上的特定空间离散化来实现的,它是通过构建对象的网格来实现的:用于求解的数值域,它有有限数量的点。边界值问题的有限元方法表述最终导致一个代数方程组。该方法在域上对未知函数进行逼近。[1] 然后将模拟这些有限元的简单方程组合成一个更大的方程系统,以模拟整个问题。然后,有限元通过变化微积分使相关的误差函数最小化来逼近一个解决方案。

tatistics-lab作为专业的留学生服务机构,多年来已为美国、英国、加拿大、澳洲等留学热门地的学生提供专业的学术服务,包括但不限于Essay代写,Assignment代写,Dissertation代写,Report代写,小组作业代写,Proposal代写,Paper代写,Presentation代写,计算机作业代写,论文修改和润色,网课代做,exam代考等等。写作范围涵盖高中,本科,研究生等海外留学全阶段,辐射金融,经济学,会计学,审计学,管理学等全球99%专业科目。写作团队既有专业英语母语作者,也有海外名校硕博留学生,每位写作老师都拥有过硬的语言能力,专业的学科背景和学术写作经验。我们承诺100%原创,100%专业,100%准时,100%满意。

随机分析代写


随机微积分是数学的一个分支,对随机过程进行操作。它允许为随机过程的积分定义一个关于随机过程的一致的积分理论。这个领域是由日本数学家伊藤清在第二次世界大战期间创建并开始的。

时间序列分析代写

随机过程,是依赖于参数的一组随机变量的全体,参数通常是时间。 随机变量是随机现象的数量表现,其时间序列是一组按照时间发生先后顺序进行排列的数据点序列。通常一组时间序列的时间间隔为一恒定值(如1秒,5分钟,12小时,7天,1年),因此时间序列可以作为离散时间数据进行分析处理。研究时间序列数据的意义在于现实中,往往需要研究某个事物其随时间发展变化的规律。这就需要通过研究该事物过去发展的历史记录,以得到其自身发展的规律。

回归分析代写

多元回归分析渐进(Multiple Regression Analysis Asymptotics)属于计量经济学领域,主要是一种数学上的统计分析方法,可以分析复杂情况下各影响因素的数学关系,在自然科学、社会和经济学等多个领域内应用广泛。

MATLAB代写

MATLAB 是一种用于技术计算的高性能语言。它将计算、可视化和编程集成在一个易于使用的环境中,其中问题和解决方案以熟悉的数学符号表示。典型用途包括:数学和计算算法开发建模、仿真和原型制作数据分析、探索和可视化科学和工程图形应用程序开发,包括图形用户界面构建MATLAB 是一个交互式系统,其基本数据元素是一个不需要维度的数组。这使您可以解决许多技术计算问题,尤其是那些具有矩阵和向量公式的问题,而只需用 C 或 Fortran 等标量非交互式语言编写程序所需的时间的一小部分。MATLAB 名称代表矩阵实验室。MATLAB 最初的编写目的是提供对由 LINPACK 和 EISPACK 项目开发的矩阵软件的轻松访问,这两个项目共同代表了矩阵计算软件的最新技术。MATLAB 经过多年的发展,得到了许多用户的投入。在大学环境中,它是数学、工程和科学入门和高级课程的标准教学工具。在工业领域,MATLAB 是高效研究、开发和分析的首选工具。MATLAB 具有一系列称为工具箱的特定于应用程序的解决方案。对于大多数 MATLAB 用户来说非常重要,工具箱允许您学习应用专业技术。工具箱是 MATLAB 函数(M 文件)的综合集合,可扩展 MATLAB 环境以解决特定类别的问题。可用工具箱的领域包括信号处理、控制系统、神经网络、模糊逻辑、小波、仿真等。

R语言代写问卷设计与分析代写
PYTHON代写回归分析与线性模型代写
MATLAB代写方差分析与试验设计代写
STATA代写机器学习/统计学习代写
SPSS代写计量经济学代写
EVIEWS代写时间序列分析代写
EXCEL代写深度学习代写
SQL代写各种数据建模与可视化代写

建筑代写|建筑史代写Historical and Cultural Developments of Cities and their Architecture代考|ARC1720

如果你也在 怎样代写建筑史Historical and Cultural Developments of Cities and their Architecture这个学科遇到相关的难题,请随时右上角联系我们的24/7代写客服。

建筑史是对建筑学的研究,因为它在几个世纪以来,在许多不同的景观和文化中不断演变。建筑史可以追溯到古代美索不达米亚人、埃及人、希腊文明等,是一部全球历史。

statistics-lab™ 为您的留学生涯保驾护航 在代写建筑史Historical and Cultural Developments of Cities and their Architecture方面已经树立了自己的口碑, 保证靠谱, 高质且原创的统计Statistics代写服务。我们的专家在代写建筑史Historical and Cultural Developments of Cities and their Architecture代写方面经验极为丰富,各种代写建筑史Historical and Cultural Developments of Cities and their Architecture相关的作业也就用不着说。

我们提供的建筑史Historical and Cultural Developments of Cities and their Architecture及其相关学科的代写,服务范围广, 其中包括但不限于:

  • Statistical Inference 统计推断
  • Statistical Computing 统计计算
  • Advanced Probability Theory 高等概率论
  • Advanced Mathematical Statistics 高等数理统计学
  • (Generalized) Linear Models 广义线性模型
  • Statistical Machine Learning 统计机器学习
  • Longitudinal Data Analysis 纵向数据分析
  • Foundations of Data Science 数据科学基础
建筑代写|建筑史代写Historical and Cultural Developments of Cities and their Architecture代考|ARC1720

建筑代写|建筑史代写Historical and Cultural Developments of Cities and their Architecture代考|Beneath and Between

The term infrastructure is an ambiguous and drifting signifier. This ambiguity has led to several key challenges for scholars of the built environment. The first challenge has to do with the ambit of the word itself. Nineteenth-century French engineers coined the term to refer to the substrate of support for rail lines-the structure beneath the structure. ${ }^1$ The term spread through transatlantic and colonizing networks, particularly among civil engineers engaged in road building and water projects, as well as military officers concerned with defense works and territorial control. Gradually it came to refer not only to structures below, but also between-physical networks connecting one node or place to another in a system. Today, we regard infrastructure as both visible and invisible, below and between, material and immaterial. It is no longer just the packed gravel substrate under the train tracks, it is also the train tracks themselves, and it is the switches, signals, chronometers, sheds, rotundas, terminals, and operational standards that comprise the system of rail transit, and it is the bodies, social relations, and visions of the world remade by high velocity travel. ${ }^2$

Another challenge has to do with the application of the term. Even as the concept of infrastructure expanded to include more artifacts, it also came to be used retrospectively to account for structures built long before the advent of the term. Thus, the term is freighted with assumptions built into the modern Enlightenment project in which it was born-assumptions such as progress through technology and the superiority of scientific reason over other knowledge forms. Scholars have too often read these assumptions backward into accounts of infrastructure in ways that justify Eurocentric notions of civilization, development, and empire. The expansion of European and U.S. hegemony over the last five centuries has been embedded in and accompanied by self-justifying narratives that view power as the inevitable outcome of technological superiority. Even as this so-called modern world became fractured by successive world wars, faith in progress and the embrace of the “technological sublime” survived and spread globally. ${ }^3$ And while the term infrastructure has been applied retrospectively, it has also become a standard element in projections of the future. U.S. Presidential advisor and economist Walter Rostow’s “stages of growth” encapsulates this vision of a world “modernized” and “improved” through the adoption of Western technology and infrastructure ${ }^4$

Finally, researchers must contend with the reality that while the term refers to connecting affordances, those very affordances often become resonant places in their own right, thickened with significance and leavened over time through countless repeated uses. ${ }^5$ The oldest known bridge in the world at Argolis was constructed by a Bronze Age Mycenaean Greek community to span a stream and carry chariots along the highway connecting Tiryns and Epidauros. It remains in use today, its irregular corbel arch settled comfortably into the Peloponnesian landscape. The two cities that it connected and helped to grow, however, lay in deposition, long since abandoned. But the bridge stands as a beloved local site and tourist attraction. Similarly, the Galata Bridge (now in its fifth iteration, see Figure 0.1) facilitates the flow of people and vehicles across the Golden Horn, connecting Sultanahmet and Beyoğlu. But the bridge itself is a lively destination, a platform for strolling, fishing, and taking in the breeze off the Bosporus.

Despite these challenges, or perhaps because of them, the term has opened up felicitous ways of describing the designed and built world. While it may be overdoing it to declare an “infrastructure turn” in scholarship, infrastructure nevertheless presents a critically important field for investigation as a key affordance in the production of both space and mobility over time. ${ }^6 \mathrm{~A}$ focus on infrastructure allows us to attend to the details of complex socio-technical systems and built environments-the connectors, the interstitial networks, the nodes that amplify, compress, and switch the flows. And not just material objects, but the invisible pathways, lines of force, and radiant fields that they produce, and the varied relations that emerge through the interconnected web of locations, practices, and things. By centering infrastructure we open ourselves to new stories, new ways of looking at the world.

建筑代写|建筑史代写Historical and Cultural Developments of Cities and their Architecture代考|Design Stories

The core purpose of this volume is to tell new stories about the design of infrastructure. And we tell these stories from an intellectual space animated but not confined by architectural history. What can the perspective of architectural history provide in the way of deeper understandings of infrastructure design? What might a sustained study of infrastructure contribute to architectural history, and how might architectural history provide us with new insights and ways of apprehending infrastructure? To answer these questions, we have to think through what we mean by architectural history as an intellectual project and design as a human endeavor.

In this volume, we take a broad view of design as a neurocognitive capacity shared by all humans. Engagement in design tasks activates particular neuropathways associated with ideation, trial and error learning, task set configuration, and visual-spatial information processing. ${ }^7$ Through design, we amplify our ability to connect our imagination with action in the world in order to transform that world to suit a desired outcome. In this sense, design is related but not reducible to “problem-solving,” a closed loop activity where the variables in a situation are known, as when we find a rock and use it to break open a nut. Rather, design is an open process characterized by an ability to identify and discern between changing variables, as when we hold the same rock and see sonething different in vur mind’s eye embedded within the it-the arrowhead, the axe blade, the adornment. In practice, it is a form of abductive reasoning based on iteration, prototyping, and movement between general and specific propositions. It is an inherently futuring cognitive affordance. Like language or perception, design may be more or less advanced from one individual to the next, more or less facilitated by neurophysiology, but every person has the capacity to design. ${ }^8$

Given that design is a fundamental human capacity, architecture, as the design of built form, is a practice broadly shared within and across cultures. In popular lexicon, architecture is often used to refer to unique, geospatially fixed buildings designed by professionally credentialed architects-the grand edifice, the monument, the iconographic structure. Likewise, definitions of architecture by architects tend to re-enforce their status as creative geniuses responsible for transcendent works of art. As Jay Pritzker famously declared, “architecture is intended to transcend the simple need for shelter and security by becoming an expression of artistry.” Such a definition implies that shelter and security are “simple needs,” rather than immensely complex and creative human endeavors, and that the development of human habitat is devoid of artistry unless it involves the work of an architect. While great monuments and edifices certainly count as expressions of architecture, architecture itself is not reducible to such thetic expression grounded in human social relations. These practices unfold along continuum from professional to untrained, fixed to mobile, unique to repetitive, integral to modular and permanent to momentary. Architecture emerges from and reflects constant negotiation among people over the production of space, the terms of exchange, the vectors of mobility, and the making of lived worlds. ${ }^{10}$ The task of architectural history is to account for these negotiations over time, and the artifacts, spatial forms, and social relations that they engender.

建筑代写|建筑史代写Historical and Cultural Developments of Cities and their Architecture代考|ARC1720

建筑史代考

建筑代写|建筑史代写Historical and Cultural Developments of Cities and their Architecture代考|Beneath and Between

基础设施一词是一个模棱两可且飘忽不定的能指。这种模糊性给建筑环境学者带来了几个关键挑战。第一个挑战与这个词本身的范围有关。十九世纪的法国工程师创造了这个词来指代铁路线的支撑基底——结构下方的结构。1该术语通过跨大西洋和殖民网络传播,特别是在从事道路建设和水利工程的土木工程师以及与国防工程和领土控制有关的军官中。逐渐地,它不仅指代下面的结构,而且指代连接系统中一个节点或地点与另一个节点的物理网络之间的网络。今天,我们将基础设施视为可见和不可见、下方和之间、物质和非物质。它不再只是火车轨道下的填充砾石基质,它也是火车轨道本身,它是构成轨道交通系统的开关、信号、计时器、棚、圆形大厅、终点站和运营标准,以及它是由高速旅行重塑的世界的身体、社会关系和愿景。2

另一个挑战与该术语的应用有关。即使基础设施的概念扩展到包括更多的人工制品,它也开始被追溯用于解释早在该术语出现之前建造的结构。因此,该术语承载了现代启蒙运动项目中的假设,例如技术进步和科学理性优于其他知识形式的假设。学者们经常以证明欧洲中心主义文明、发展和帝国概念的方式,将这些假设倒读到基础设施的考虑中。在过去五个世纪中,欧洲和美国霸权的扩张已经嵌入并伴随着自我辩解的叙述,这些叙述将权力视为技术优势的必然结果。3虽然基础设施一词已被追溯应用,但它也已成为未来预测的标准要素。美国总统顾问兼经济学家沃尔特·罗斯托(Walter Rostow)的“成长阶段”概括了通过采用西方技术和基础设施实现世界“现代化”和“改善”的愿景4

最后,研究人员必须面对这样一个现实,虽然该术语指的是连接可供性,但这些可供性本身往往会成为引起共鸣的地方,随着时间的推移,通过无数次重复使用而变得更加重要和发酵。5Argolis 是世界上已知最古老的桥梁,由青铜时代的迈锡尼希腊社区建造,横跨一条溪流,沿着连接 Tiryns 和 Epidauros 的高速公路运送战车。它今天仍在使用,其不规则的牛腿拱形舒适地融入了伯罗奔尼撒半岛的景观。然而,它连接并帮助发展的两个城市早已被废弃。但这座桥是当地人喜爱的景点和旅游景点。同样,加拉塔大桥(现在是第五次迭代,见图 0.1)促进了金角湾的人员和车辆流动,连接了苏丹阿合麦特和贝尤奥卢。但这座桥本身就是一个热闹的目的地,一个散步、钓鱼和享受博斯普鲁斯海峡微风的平台。

尽管存在这些挑战,或者可能是因为这些挑战,该术语已经开辟了描述设计和建造世界的恰当方式。虽然在学术上宣布“基础设施转向”可能有些过头,但基础设施仍然是一个至关重要的研究领域,作为随着时间的推移产生空间和移动性的关键可供性。6 一个对基础设施的关注使我们能够关注复杂的社会技术系统和建筑环境的细节——连接器、间隙网络、放大、压缩和切换流的节点。不仅仅是物质对象,还有它们产生的无形路径、力线和辐射场,以及通过位置、实践和事物的相互关联的网络出现的各种关系。通过以基础设施为中心,我们向新故事、看待世界的新方式敞开大门。

建筑代写|建筑史代写Historical and Cultural Developments of Cities and their Architecture代考|Design Stories

本卷的核心目的是讲述有关基础设施设计的新故事。我们从一个充满活力但不受建筑历史限制的知识空间讲述这些故事。建筑史的视角可以为更深入地理解基础设施设计提供什么?对基础设施的持续研究可能对建筑史有什么贡献,建筑史如何为我们提供理解基础设施的新见解和方法?为了回答这些问题,我们必须仔细思考我们所说的建筑史作为一项智力项目和设计作为一项人类努力的含义。

在本卷中,我们将设计视为所有人共享的神经认知能力。参与设计任务会激活与构思、试错学习、任务集配置和视觉空间信息处理相关的特定神经通路。7通过设计,我们增强了将想象力与世界行动联系起来的能力,以改变世界以适应预期的结果。从这个意义上说,设计与“解决问题”相关,但不能简化为“解决问题”,这是一种已知情况下的变量的闭环活动,就像我们找到一块石头并用它来敲开一个坚果一样。更确切地说,设计是一个开放的过程,其特点是能够识别和辨别变化的变量,就像当我们拿着同一块石头,在我们的头脑中看到嵌入它的不同事物时——箭头、斧头、装饰品。在实践中,它是一种基于迭代、原型设计以及在一般命题和特定命题之间移动的溯因推理形式。这是一种内在的未来认知可供性。就像语言或感知一样,8

鉴于设计是人类的基本能力,建筑作为建筑形式的设计,是一种在文化内部和跨文化广泛共享的实践。在流行的词典中,建筑通常被用来指代由专业认证的建筑师设计的独特的、地理空间固定的建筑物——宏伟的大厦、纪念碑、图像结构。同样,建筑师对建筑的定义往往会强化他们作为负责超越艺术作品的创造性天才的地位。正如杰伊·普利兹克 (Jay Pritzker) 所说的那样,“建筑旨在通过成为一种艺术表达来超越对庇护和安全的简单需求。” 这样的定义意味着住所和安全是“简单的需求”,而不是极其复杂和创造性的人类努力,除非涉及建筑师的工作,否则人类栖息地的发展缺乏艺术性。虽然伟大的纪念碑和大厦当然算作建筑的表达,但建筑本身并不能简化为这种以人类社会关系为基础的主题表达。这些实践从专业到未经训练,从固定到移动,从独特到重复,从整体到模块化,从永久到暂时的连续体展开。建筑产生于并反映了人们之间关于空间生产、交换条件、流动性的载体和生活世界的创造的不断协商。这些实践从专业到未经训练,从固定到移动,从独特到重复,从整体到模块化,从永久到暂时的连续体展开。建筑产生于并反映了人们之间关于空间生产、交换条件、流动性的载体和生活世界的创造的不断协商。这些实践从专业到未经训练,从固定到移动,从独特到重复,从整体到模块化,从永久到暂时的连续体展开。建筑产生于并反映了人们之间关于空间生产、交换条件、流动性的载体和生活世界的创造的不断协商。10建筑史的任务是解释这些随着时间的推移而产生的协商,以及它们产生的人工制品、空间形式和社会关系。

建筑代写|建筑史代写Historical and Cultural Developments of Cities and their Architecture代考 请认准statistics-lab™

统计代写请认准statistics-lab™. statistics-lab™为您的留学生涯保驾护航。

金融工程代写

金融工程是使用数学技术来解决金融问题。金融工程使用计算机科学、统计学、经济学和应用数学领域的工具和知识来解决当前的金融问题,以及设计新的和创新的金融产品。

非参数统计代写

非参数统计指的是一种统计方法,其中不假设数据来自于由少数参数决定的规定模型;这种模型的例子包括正态分布模型和线性回归模型。

广义线性模型代考

广义线性模型(GLM)归属统计学领域,是一种应用灵活的线性回归模型。该模型允许因变量的偏差分布有除了正态分布之外的其它分布。

术语 广义线性模型(GLM)通常是指给定连续和/或分类预测因素的连续响应变量的常规线性回归模型。它包括多元线性回归,以及方差分析和方差分析(仅含固定效应)。

有限元方法代写

有限元方法(FEM)是一种流行的方法,用于数值解决工程和数学建模中出现的微分方程。典型的问题领域包括结构分析、传热、流体流动、质量运输和电磁势等传统领域。

有限元是一种通用的数值方法,用于解决两个或三个空间变量的偏微分方程(即一些边界值问题)。为了解决一个问题,有限元将一个大系统细分为更小、更简单的部分,称为有限元。这是通过在空间维度上的特定空间离散化来实现的,它是通过构建对象的网格来实现的:用于求解的数值域,它有有限数量的点。边界值问题的有限元方法表述最终导致一个代数方程组。该方法在域上对未知函数进行逼近。[1] 然后将模拟这些有限元的简单方程组合成一个更大的方程系统,以模拟整个问题。然后,有限元通过变化微积分使相关的误差函数最小化来逼近一个解决方案。

tatistics-lab作为专业的留学生服务机构,多年来已为美国、英国、加拿大、澳洲等留学热门地的学生提供专业的学术服务,包括但不限于Essay代写,Assignment代写,Dissertation代写,Report代写,小组作业代写,Proposal代写,Paper代写,Presentation代写,计算机作业代写,论文修改和润色,网课代做,exam代考等等。写作范围涵盖高中,本科,研究生等海外留学全阶段,辐射金融,经济学,会计学,审计学,管理学等全球99%专业科目。写作团队既有专业英语母语作者,也有海外名校硕博留学生,每位写作老师都拥有过硬的语言能力,专业的学科背景和学术写作经验。我们承诺100%原创,100%专业,100%准时,100%满意。

随机分析代写


随机微积分是数学的一个分支,对随机过程进行操作。它允许为随机过程的积分定义一个关于随机过程的一致的积分理论。这个领域是由日本数学家伊藤清在第二次世界大战期间创建并开始的。

时间序列分析代写

随机过程,是依赖于参数的一组随机变量的全体,参数通常是时间。 随机变量是随机现象的数量表现,其时间序列是一组按照时间发生先后顺序进行排列的数据点序列。通常一组时间序列的时间间隔为一恒定值(如1秒,5分钟,12小时,7天,1年),因此时间序列可以作为离散时间数据进行分析处理。研究时间序列数据的意义在于现实中,往往需要研究某个事物其随时间发展变化的规律。这就需要通过研究该事物过去发展的历史记录,以得到其自身发展的规律。

回归分析代写

多元回归分析渐进(Multiple Regression Analysis Asymptotics)属于计量经济学领域,主要是一种数学上的统计分析方法,可以分析复杂情况下各影响因素的数学关系,在自然科学、社会和经济学等多个领域内应用广泛。

MATLAB代写

MATLAB 是一种用于技术计算的高性能语言。它将计算、可视化和编程集成在一个易于使用的环境中,其中问题和解决方案以熟悉的数学符号表示。典型用途包括:数学和计算算法开发建模、仿真和原型制作数据分析、探索和可视化科学和工程图形应用程序开发,包括图形用户界面构建MATLAB 是一个交互式系统,其基本数据元素是一个不需要维度的数组。这使您可以解决许多技术计算问题,尤其是那些具有矩阵和向量公式的问题,而只需用 C 或 Fortran 等标量非交互式语言编写程序所需的时间的一小部分。MATLAB 名称代表矩阵实验室。MATLAB 最初的编写目的是提供对由 LINPACK 和 EISPACK 项目开发的矩阵软件的轻松访问,这两个项目共同代表了矩阵计算软件的最新技术。MATLAB 经过多年的发展,得到了许多用户的投入。在大学环境中,它是数学、工程和科学入门和高级课程的标准教学工具。在工业领域,MATLAB 是高效研究、开发和分析的首选工具。MATLAB 具有一系列称为工具箱的特定于应用程序的解决方案。对于大多数 MATLAB 用户来说非常重要,工具箱允许您学习应用专业技术。工具箱是 MATLAB 函数(M 文件)的综合集合,可扩展 MATLAB 环境以解决特定类别的问题。可用工具箱的领域包括信号处理、控制系统、神经网络、模糊逻辑、小波、仿真等。

R语言代写问卷设计与分析代写
PYTHON代写回归分析与线性模型代写
MATLAB代写方差分析与试验设计代写
STATA代写机器学习/统计学习代写
SPSS代写计量经济学代写
EVIEWS代写时间序列分析代写
EXCEL代写深度学习代写
SQL代写各种数据建模与可视化代写